{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,27]],"date-time":"2026-05-27T18:07:03Z","timestamp":1779905223101,"version":"3.53.1"},"reference-count":70,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,2,2]],"date-time":"2015-02-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1422835200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Remote Sensing"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Subsidence in river deltas is a complex process that has both natural and human causes. Increasing human activities like aquaculture and petroleum extraction are affecting the Yellow River delta, and one consequence is subsidence. The purpose of this study is to measure the surface displacements in the Yellow River delta region and to investigate the corresponding subsidence source. In this paper, the Stanford Method for Persistent Scatterers (StaMPS) package was employed to process Envisat ASAR images collected between 2007 and 2010. Consistent results between two descending tracks show subsidence with a mean rate up to  30 mm\/yr in the radar line of sight direction in Gudao Town (oilfield), Gudong oilfield and Xianhe Town of the delta, each of which is within the delta, and also show that subsidence is not uniform across the delta. Field investigation shows a connection between areas of  non-uniform subsidence and of petroleum extraction. In a 9 km2 area of the Gudao Oilfield, a poroelastic disk reservoir model is used to model the InSAR derived displacements. In general, good fits between InSAR observations and modeled displacements are seen. The subsidence observed in the vicinity of the oilfield is thus suggested to be caused by fluid extraction.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/rs70201540","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,2,2]],"date-time":"2015-02-02T10:27:36Z","timestamp":1422872856000},"page":"1540-1564","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":42,"title":["Land Subsidence over Oilfields in the Yellow River Delta"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"7","author":[{"given":"Peng","family":"Liu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory for Geo-Environment Monitoring of Coastal Zone of the National Administration of Surveying, Mapping and GeoInformation & Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Spatial Smart Sensing and Services, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China"},{"name":"College of Information Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qingquan","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory for Geo-Environment Monitoring of Coastal Zone of the National Administration of Surveying, Mapping and GeoInformation & Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Spatial Smart Sensing and Services, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8054-7449","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zhenhong","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"COMET, School of Civil Engineering and Geosciences, Newcastle University,  Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 7RU, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Trevor","family":"Hoey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Geographical and Earth Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4746-6479","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yanxiong","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The First Institute of Oceanography, State Oceanic Administration, Qingdao 266061, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chisheng","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory for Geo-Environment Monitoring of Coastal Zone of the National Administration of Surveying, Mapping and GeoInformation & Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Spatial Smart Sensing and Services, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2015,2,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1007\/s10584-012-0468-7","article-title":"Evaluation of the combined risk of sea level rise, land subsidence, and storm surges on the coastal areas of Shanghai, China","volume":"115","author":"Wang","year":"2012","journal-title":"Climatic Change"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"681","DOI":"10.1038\/ngeo629","article-title":"Sinking deltas due to human activities","volume":"2","author":"Syvitski","year":"2009","journal-title":"Nature Geosci."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"150","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rse.2012.10.015","article-title":"Sinking cities in Indonesia: ALOS PALSAR detects rapid subsidence due to groundwater and gas extraction","volume":"128","author":"Chaussard","year":"2013","journal-title":"Remote Sensing Environ."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"261","DOI":"10.1007\/s00254-006-0207-3","article-title":"Evidence of regional subsidence and associated interior wetland loss induced by hydrocarbon production, gulf coast region, USA","volume":"50","author":"Morton","year":"2006","journal-title":"Environ. 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