{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,6]],"date-time":"2026-04-06T14:43:30Z","timestamp":1775486610635,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":75,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,3,13]],"date-time":"2015-03-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1426204800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"EU FP7 Marie Curie Actions","award":["251234"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["251234"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Remote Sensing"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Natura 2000 Habitat Conservation Status is currently evaluated based on fieldwork. However, this is proving to be unfeasible over large areas. The use of remote sensing is increasingly encouraged but covering the full range of ecological variables by such datasets and ensuring compatibility with the traditional assessment methodology has not been achieved yet. We aimed to test Airborne Laser Scanning (ALS) as a source for mapping all variables required by the local official conservation status assessment scheme and to develop  an automated method that calculates Natura 2000 conservation status at 0.5 m raster resolution for 24 km2 of Pannonic Salt Steppe habitat (code 1530). We used multi-temporal (summer and winter) ALS point clouds with full-waveform recording and a density of 10 pt\/m2. Some required variables were derived from ALS product rasters; others involved vegetation classification layers calculated by machine learning and fuzzy categorization. Thresholds separating favorable and unfavorable values of each variable required by the national assessment scheme were manually calibrated from 10 plots where field-based assessment was carried out. Rasters representing positive and negative scores for each input variable were integrated in a ruleset that exactly follows the Hungarian Natura 2000 assessment scheme for grasslands. Accuracy of each parameter and the final conservation status score and category was evaluated by 10 independent assessment plots. We conclude that ALS is a suitable data source for Natura 2000 assessments in grasslands, and that the national grassland assessment scheme can successfully be used as a GIS processing model for conservation status, ensuring that the output is directly comparable with traditional field based assessments.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/rs70302991","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,3,13]],"date-time":"2015-03-13T11:51:52Z","timestamp":1426247512000},"page":"2991-3019","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":36,"title":["Mapping Natura 2000 Habitat Conservation Status in  a Pannonic Salt Steppe with Airborne Laser Scanning"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"7","author":[{"given":"Andr\u00e1s","family":"Zlinszky","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Balaton Limnological Institute, Centre for Ecological Research, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Klebelsberg Kuno \u00fat 3, Tihany 8237, Hungary"},{"name":"Vienna University of Technology, Department of Geodesy and Geoinformation, Research Groups Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing, Gu\u00dfhausstra\u00dfe 27\u201329, Vienna 1040, Austria"}]},{"given":"Bal\u00e1zs","family":"De\u00e1k","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"MTA-DE Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services Research Group, Egyetem t\u00e9r 1, Debrecen 4032, Hungary"}]},{"given":"Adam","family":"Kania","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"ATMOTERM S.A., ul. \u0141angowskiego 4, Opole 45-031, Poland"}]},{"given":"Anke","family":"Schroiff","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"YggdrasilDiemer, Dudenstr. 38, Berlin 10965, Germany"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2348-7929","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Norbert","family":"Pfeifer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Vienna University of Technology, Department of Geodesy and Geoinformation, Research Groups Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing, Gu\u00dfhausstra\u00dfe 27\u201329, Vienna 1040, Austria"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2015,3,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"(2013). Interpretation Manual of European Union Habitats, Nature and Biodiversity. EUR 28."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"693","DOI":"10.1016\/j.flora.2014.09.005","article-title":"Fine-scale vertical position as an indicator of vegetation in alkali grasslands\u2014Case study based on remotely sensed data","volume":"209","author":"Alexander","year":"2014","journal-title":"Flora"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"80","DOI":"10.1016\/j.agee.2013.06.012","article-title":"Environmental factors driving vegetation and seed bank diversity in alkali grasslands","volume":"182","author":"Kelemen","year":"2014","journal-title":"Agric. Ecosyst. Environ."},{"key":"ref_4","unstructured":"Shao, H.-B. (2014). Salt Marshes\u2014Ecosystem, Vegetation and Restoration Strategies, Nova Science Publishers."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1195","DOI":"10.1111\/jvs.12027","article-title":"Mechanisms shaping plant biomass and species richness: Plant strategies and litter effect in alkali and loess grasslands","volume":"24","author":"Kelemen","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Veg. Sci."},{"key":"ref_6","first-page":"187","article-title":"Solonetz meadow vegetation (Beckmannion eruciformis) in East-Hungary\u2013an alliance driven by moisture and salinity","volume":"34","year":"2014","journal-title":"TUEXENIA"},{"key":"ref_7","unstructured":"European Commission (1992). Council Directive 92\/43\/EEC of 21 May 1992 on the conservation of natural habitats and of wild fauna and flora. Official Journal of the European Union, 206, 7\u201350."},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/S1389-9341(01)00070-3","article-title":"The influence of non-governmental organisations on the creation of Natura 2000 during the European Policy process","volume":"4","author":"Weber","year":"2002","journal-title":"For. Policy Econ."},{"key":"ref_9","unstructured":"(2008). Habitats Directive Article 17 Report (2001\u20132006) Data Completeness, Quality and Coherence, ETBD."},{"key":"ref_10","unstructured":"European Commission (2011). The EU Biodiversity Strategy to 2020, DG Environment, Publications Office of the European Union."},{"key":"ref_11","first-page":"116","article-title":"Integrating remote sensing in Natura 2000 habitat monitoring: Prospects on the way forward","volume":"19","author":"Paelinckx","year":"2000","journal-title":"J. Nat. Conserv."},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"719","DOI":"10.1111\/2041-210X.12219","article-title":"Applications of airborne LiDAR for the assessment of animal species diversity","volume":"5","author":"Simonson","year":"2014","journal-title":"Methods Ecol. Evol."},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"434","DOI":"10.1890\/100179","article-title":"High-resolution carbon mapping on the million-hectare Island of Hawaii","volume":"9","author":"Asner","year":"2011","journal-title":"Front. Ecol. Environ."},{"key":"ref_14","first-page":"7","article-title":"Remote sensing for mapping natural habitats and their conservation status\u2014New opportunities and challenges","volume":"37","author":"Corbane","year":"2014","journal-title":"Int. J. Appl. Earth Obs. Geoinf."},{"key":"ref_15","unstructured":"White, R.P., Murray, S., and Rohweder, M. (2000). Pilot Analysis of Global Ecosystems\u2014Grassland Ecosystems, World Resources Institute."},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Veen, P., Jefferson, R., de Smidt, J., and van der Straaten, J. (2009). Grasslands in Europe of High Nature Value, KNNV Publishing.","DOI":"10.1163\/9789004278103"},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2046","DOI":"10.3390\/rs70202046","article-title":"Classification of herbaceous vegetation using airborne hyperspectral imagery","volume":"7","author":"Burai","year":"2015","journal-title":"Remote Sens."},{"key":"ref_18","first-page":"25","article-title":"Grassland habitat mapping by intra-annual time series analysis\u2014Comparison of RapidEye and TerraSAR-X satellite data","volume":"34","author":"Schuster","year":"2015","journal-title":"Int. J. Appl. Earth Obs. Geoinf."},{"key":"ref_19","first-page":"83","article-title":"Using information layers for mapping grassland habitat distribution at local to regional scales","volume":"37","author":"Buck","year":"2015","journal-title":"Int. J. Appl. Earth Obs. Geoinf."},{"key":"ref_20","first-page":"81","article-title":"Combining airborne laser scanning data and optical satellite data for classification of alpine vegetation","volume":"27","author":"Reese","year":"2014","journal-title":"Int. J. Appl. Earth Obs. Geoinf."},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rse.2007.03.011","article-title":"Integrating LiDAR data and multispectral imagery for enhanced classification of rangeland vegetation: A meta analysis","volume":"111","author":"Bork","year":"2007","journal-title":"Remote Sens. Environ."},{"key":"ref_22","unstructured":"Ichter, J., Evans, D., and Richard, D. (2014). Terrestrial Habitat Mapping in Europe: An Overview, European Environmental Agency. TH-AK-14-001-EN-N."},{"key":"ref_23","unstructured":"Corbane, C., Deshayes, M., Elena, G.M.V., Strasser, T., Vanden Borre, J., Spanhove, T., F\u00f6rster, M., Lang, S., and Pernkopf, L. (2013). Deliverable 3.2, Technical Synthesis on the Possibilities and Limits of RS for Mapping Natural Habitats, Institut National de Recherce en Sciences et Technologies pour l\u2019Environement et l\u2019Agriculture."},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"96","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ecolind.2012.08.016","article-title":"The use of medium point density LiDAR elevation data to determine plant community types in Baltic coastal wetlands","volume":"33","author":"Ward","year":"2013","journal-title":"Ecol. Indic."},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8056","DOI":"10.3390\/rs6098056","article-title":"Categorizing grassland vegetation with full-waveform airborne laser scanning: A feasibility study for detecting Natura 2000 Habitat Types","volume":"6","author":"Zlinszky","year":"2014","journal-title":"Remote Sens."},{"key":"ref_26","first-page":"218","article-title":"Assessing floristic composition with multispectral sensors\u2014A comparison based on monotemporal and multiseasonal field spectra","volume":"21","author":"Feilhauer","year":"2013","journal-title":"Int. J. Appl. Earth Obs. Geoinf."},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ecolind.2012.09.013","article-title":"Quantifying structure of Natura 2000 heathland habitats using spectral mixture analysis and segmentation techniques on hyperspectral imagery","volume":"33","author":"Kooistra","year":"2013","journal-title":"Ecol. Indic."},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"151","DOI":"10.1016\/j.agee.2010.01.016","article-title":"Fine-scale assessment of hay meadow productivity and plant diversity in the European Alps using field spectrometric data","volume":"137","author":"Fava","year":"2010","journal-title":"Agric. Ecosyst. Environ."},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"526","DOI":"10.1016\/S0034-4257(02)00151-7","article-title":"Estimation of vegetation water content and photosynthetic tissue area from spectral reflectance: A comparison of indices based on liquid water and chlorophyll absorption features","volume":"84","author":"Sims","year":"2003","journal-title":"Remote Sens. Environ."},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"72","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rse.2014.05.021","article-title":"Assessment of ecophysiology of lake shore reed vegetation based on chlorophyll fluorescence, field spectroscopy and hyperspectral airborne imagery","volume":"157","author":"Stratoulias","year":"2015","journal-title":"Remote Sens. Environ."},{"key":"ref_31","unstructured":"Psomas, A. (2008). Hyperspectral Remote Sensing for Ecological Analyses of Grassland Ecosystems\u2014Spectral Separability and Derivation of NPP Related Biophysical and Biochemical Parameters. [Ph.D. Thesis, Universit\u00e4t Z\u00fcrich]."},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"390","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ecolind.2009.07.012","article-title":"Does using species abundance data improve estimates of species diversity from remotely sensed spectral heterogeneity?","volume":"10","author":"Oldeland","year":"2010","journal-title":"Ecol. Indic."},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"125","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jnc.2012.02.001","article-title":"Assessment of grassland use intensity by remote sensing to support conservation schemes","volume":"20","author":"Franke","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Nat. Conserv."},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1308","DOI":"10.3390\/rs3071308","article-title":"Towards detecting swath events in TerraSAR-X time series to establish NATURA 2000 grassland habitat swath management as monitoring parameter","volume":"3","author":"Schuster","year":"2011","journal-title":"Remote Sens."},{"key":"ref_35","unstructured":"Neumann, C. (2010). Synthese von \u00d6kologischer Gradientenanalyse und Hyperspektraler Fernerkundung zum Monitoring Naturschutzfachlich Bedeutsamer Offenlandschaften. [Master\u2019s Thesis, Universit\u00e4t Potsdam]."},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1016\/0304-3800(95)00012-7","article-title":"Fuzzy modelling of vegetation from remotely sensed imagery","volume":"85","author":"Foody","year":"1996","journal-title":"Ecol. Model."},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"403","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ecolind.2012.01.025","article-title":"Can remote sensing estimate fine-scale quality indicators of natural habitats?","volume":"18","author":"Spanhove","year":"2012","journal-title":"Ecol. Indic."},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"897","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2664.2009.01677.x","article-title":"Assessing biodiversity by remote sensing in mountainous terrain: The potential of LiDAR to predict forest beetle assemblages","volume":"46","author":"Brandl","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Appl. Ecol."},{"key":"ref_39","unstructured":"Pfeifer, N., and Zlinszky, A. (2014, January 24\u201325). Can airborne laser scanning or satellite images, or a combination of the two, be used to predict the abundance and species richness of birds and beetles at a patch scale?. Proceedings of the International Workshop on Remote Sensing and GIS for Monitoring of Habitat Quality, Vienna, Austria."},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"98","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rse.2012.08.014","article-title":"LiDAR measurements of canopy structure predict spatial distribution of a tropical mature forest primate","volume":"127","author":"Palminteri","year":"2012","journal-title":"Remote Sens. Environ."},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"636","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ecolind.2012.08.024","article-title":"Remotely sensed indicators of forest conservation status: Case study from a Natura 2000 site in southern Portugal","volume":"24","author":"Simonson","year":"2013","journal-title":"Ecol. Indic."},{"key":"ref_42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"222","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rse.2012.08.029","article-title":"Heathland conservation status mapping through integration of hyperspectral mixture analysis and decision tree classifiers","volume":"126","author":"Delalieux","year":"2012","journal-title":"Remote Sens. Environ."},{"key":"ref_43","unstructured":"Frick, A. (2006). Entwicklung eines Wissensbasierten Klassifikationsverfahrens und Anwendung in Brandenburg. [Ph.D. thesis, Technische Universit\u00e4t Berlin]."},{"key":"ref_44","first-page":"114","article-title":"A composite indicator for assessing habitat quality of riparian forests derived from earth observation data","volume":"37","author":"Riedler","year":"2014","journal-title":"Int. J. Appl. Earth Obs. Geoinf."},{"key":"ref_45","unstructured":"Zhang, W.J. (2012). Grasslands: Types, Biodiversity and Impacts, Nova Science Publishers Inc."},{"key":"ref_46","unstructured":"Haraszthy, L. (2014). Natura 2000 Fajok \u00e9s \u00c9l\u0151helyek Magyarorsz\u00e1gon, Pro V\u00e9rtes K\u00f6zalap\u00edtv\u00e1ny."},{"key":"ref_47","unstructured":"Valbuena, R. (2014). Forestry Applications of Airborne Laser Scanning, Springer."},{"key":"ref_48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"93","DOI":"10.1016\/j.baae.2004.12.001","article-title":"Changing land use and its impact on biodiversity","volume":"6","author":"Poschlod","year":"2005","journal-title":"Basic Appl. Ecol."},{"key":"ref_49","first-page":"293","article-title":"Low shrub cover in alvar grasslands increases small-scale diversity by promoting the occurrence of generalist species","volume":"33","author":"Kasari","year":"2013","journal-title":"Tuexenia"},{"key":"ref_50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"125","DOI":"10.1016\/j.compenvurbsys.2013.11.002","article-title":"OPALS\u2014A framework for Airborne Laser Scanning data analysis","volume":"45","author":"Pfeifer","year":"2014","journal-title":"Comput. Environ. Urban Syst."},{"key":"ref_51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"193","DOI":"10.1016\/S0924-2716(98)00009-4","article-title":"Determination of terrain models in wooded areas with airborne laser scanner data","volume":"53","author":"Kraus","year":"1998","journal-title":"ISPRS J. Photogramm. Remote Sens."},{"key":"ref_52","unstructured":"Pfeifer, N., Stadler, P., and Briese, C. (2001). OEEPE Workshop on Airborne Laser Scanning and Interferometric SAR for Detailed Digital Elevation Models, Bundesamt f\u00fcr Kartographie und Geod\u00e4sie."},{"key":"ref_53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1617","DOI":"10.3390\/rs4061617","article-title":"Categorizing wetland vegetation by airborne laser scanning on Lake Balaton and Kis-Balaton, Hungary","volume":"4","author":"Zlinszky","year":"2012","journal-title":"Remote Sens."},{"key":"ref_54","first-page":"360","article-title":"Radiometric calibration of full-waveform airborne laser scanning data based on natural surfaces","volume":"38","author":"Lehner","year":"2010","journal-title":"Int. Arch. Photogramm. Remote Sens. Spat. Inf. Sci."},{"key":"ref_55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1433","DOI":"10.1080\/01431160701736398","article-title":"3D vegetation mapping using small-footprint full-waveform airborne laser scanners","volume":"29","author":"Wagner","year":"2008","journal-title":"Int. J. Remote Sens."},{"key":"ref_56","unstructured":"Turner, M.D., and Kamerman, G.H. (2010). Improving Quality of Laser Scanning Data Acquisition through Calibrated Amplitude and Pulse Deviation Measurement, SPIE. Laser Radar Technology and Applications XV, Orlando, FL, USA, 2010."},{"key":"ref_57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6427","DOI":"10.3390\/rs5126427","article-title":"Openness as visualization technique for interpretative mapping of airborne LiDAR derived topographic models","volume":"5","author":"Doneus","year":"2013","journal-title":"Remote Sens."},{"key":"ref_58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"337","DOI":"10.1016\/S0098-3004(01)00051-6","article-title":"Visualizing uncertainty in multi-spectral remotely sensed imagery","volume":"28","author":"Bastin","year":"2002","journal-title":"Comput. Geosci."},{"key":"ref_59","unstructured":"Kania, A., and Zlinszky, A. (2015). Vegetation Classification Studio: A software tool for remote sensing based vegetation classification, Unpublished work."},{"key":"ref_60","unstructured":"Pfeifer, N., and Zlinszky, A. (2014, January 24\u201325). Gimme My Vegetation Map in an Hour! Towards Operational Vegetation Classification and Mapping: An Automated Software Workflow. Proceedings of the International Workshop on Remote Sensing and GIS for Monitoring of Habitat Quality, Vienna, Austria."},{"key":"ref_61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Pfeifer, N., and Zlinszky, A. (2014, January 24\u201325). Natura 2000 Habitat Quality Mapping in a Pannonic Salt Steppe from Full-Waveform Airborne Laser Scanning. Proceedings of the International Workshop on Remote Sensing and GIS for Monitoring of Habitat Quality, Vienna, Austria.","DOI":"10.3390\/rs70302991"},{"key":"ref_62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1010933404324","article-title":"Random forests","volume":"45","author":"Breiman","year":"2001","journal-title":"Mach. Learn."},{"key":"ref_63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.1016\/0034-4257(91)90048-B","article-title":"A review of assessing the accuracy of classifications of remotely sensed data","volume":"37","author":"Congalton","year":"1991","journal-title":"Remote sens. Environ."},{"key":"ref_64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4407","DOI":"10.1080\/01431161.2011.552923","article-title":"Death to Kappa: Birth of quantity disagreement and allocation disagreement for accuracy assessment","volume":"32","author":"Pontius","year":"2011","journal-title":"Int. J. Remote Sens."},{"key":"ref_65","unstructured":"Borhidi, A., Kevey, B., and Lendvai, G. (2012). Plant Communities of Hungary, Akad\u00e9miai Kiad\u00f3."},{"key":"ref_66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"355","DOI":"10.5194\/se-5-355-2014","article-title":"Observation of a local gravity potential isosurface by airborne LiDAR of Lake Balaton, Hungary","volume":"5","author":"Zlinszky","year":"2014","journal-title":"Solid Earth"},{"key":"ref_67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"121","DOI":"10.1002\/env.516","article-title":"Quantitative tools for perfecting species lists","volume":"13","author":"Palmer","year":"2002","journal-title":"Environmetrics"},{"key":"ref_68","unstructured":"Hollaus, M., Wagner, W., Molnar, G., Mandlburger, G., Nothegger, C., and Otepka, J. (2010, January 15\u201319). Delineation of Vegetation and Building Polygons from Full-Waveform Airborne LiDAR Data Using OPALS Software. Proceedings of the Geospatial Data and Geovisualization: Environment, Security, and Society, Special Joint Symposium of ISPRS Technical Commission IV and AutoCarto 2010 in Conjunction with ASPRS\/GaGIS Speciality Conference, Orlando, FL, USA."},{"key":"ref_69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"558","DOI":"10.3390\/rs5020558","article-title":"An object-based approach for mapping shrub and tree cover on grassland habitats by use of LiDAR and CIR orthoimages","volume":"5","author":"Hellesen","year":"2013","journal-title":"Remote Sens."},{"key":"ref_70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jenvman.2004.05.009","article-title":"Repeatability of Phase I habitat survey","volume":"73","author":"Stevens","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Environ. Manag."},{"key":"ref_71","unstructured":"Vanden Borre, J. (2009). User Requirements towards the Integration of Remote Sensing in Natura 2000 Monitoring. Results of the Work Package 2200, Belgian Science Policy."},{"key":"ref_72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"489","DOI":"10.1093\/condor\/109.3.489","article-title":"Measuring habitat quality: A review","volume":"109","author":"Johnson","year":"2007","journal-title":"Condor"},{"key":"ref_73","first-page":"109","article-title":"The effects of grazing on ground nesting bird population on alkaline grasslands in the Hortob\u00e1gy region","volume":"12","author":"Simay","year":"2006","journal-title":"Sci. Ann. Danub. Delta Inst. Tulcea"},{"key":"ref_74","unstructured":"Maes, J., Teller, A., Erhard, M., Liquete, C., Braat, L., Berry, P., Egoh, B., Puydarrieux, P., Fiorina, C., and Santos, F. (2013). Mapping and Assessment of Ecosystems and Their Services-An Analytical Framework for Ecosystem Assessments under Action 5 of the EU Biodiversity Strategy to 2020, European Commission DG Environment. 2013\u2013067."},{"key":"ref_75","unstructured":"World Resources Institute (2005). Ecosystems and Human Well-Being: Biodiversity Synthesis, World Resources Institute. Millenium Ecosystem Assessment."}],"container-title":["Remote Sensing"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2072-4292\/7\/3\/2991\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T20:43:30Z","timestamp":1760215410000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2072-4292\/7\/3\/2991"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2015,3,13]]},"references-count":75,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2015,3]]}},"alternative-id":["rs70302991"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/rs70302991","relation":{},"ISSN":["2072-4292"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2072-4292","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2015,3,13]]}}}