{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,17]],"date-time":"2026-04-17T23:09:50Z","timestamp":1776467390137,"version":"3.51.2"},"reference-count":74,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,7,6]],"date-time":"2015-07-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1436140800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Remote Sensing"],"abstract":"<jats:p>River deltas belong to the most densely settled places on earth.  Although they only account for 5% of the global land surface, over 550  million people live in deltas. These preferred livelihood locations,  which feature flat terrain, fertile alluvial soils, access to fluvial  and marine resources, a rich wetland biodiversity and other advantages  are, however, threatened by numerous internal and external processes.  Socio-economic development, urbanization, climate change induced sea  level rise, as well as flood pulse changes due to upstream water  diversion all lead to changes in these highly dynamic systems. A  thorough understanding of a river delta\u2019s general setting and  intra-annual as well as long-term dynamic is therefore crucial for an  informed management of natural resources. Here, remote sensing can play a  key role in analyzing and monitoring these vast areas at a global  scale. The goal of this study is to demonstrate the potential of  intra-annual time series analyses at dense temporal, but coarse spatial  resolution for inundation characterization in five river deltas located  in four different countries. Based on 250 m MODIS reflectance data we  analyze inundation dynamics in four densely populated Asian river  deltas\u2014namely the Yellow River Delta (China), the Mekong Delta  (Vietnam), the Irrawaddy Delta (Myanmar), and the Ganges-Brahmaputra  (Bangladesh, India)\u2014as well as one very contrasting delta: the nearly  uninhabited polar Mackenzie Delta Region in northwestern Canada for the  complete time span of one year (2013). A complex processing chain of  water surface derivation on a daily basis allows the generation of  intra-annual time series, which indicate inundation duration in each of  the deltas. Our analyses depict distinct inundation patterns within each  of the deltas, which can be attributed to processes such as overland  flooding, irrigation agriculture, aquaculture, or snowmelt and  thermokarst processes. Clear differences between mid-latitude,  subtropical, and polar deltas are illustrated, and the advantages and  limitations of the approach for inundation derivation are discussed.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/rs70708516","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,7,6]],"date-time":"2015-07-06T12:21:05Z","timestamp":1436185265000},"page":"8516-8542","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":56,"title":["Remote Sensing of River Delta Inundation: Exploiting the Potential of Coarse Spatial Resolution, Temporally-Dense MODIS Time Series"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"7","author":[{"given":"Claudia","family":"Kuenzer","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"German Remote Sensing Data Centre, DFD, German Earth Observation Center, EOC, of the German Aerospace Centre, DLR, Oberpfaffenhofen, D-82234 Wessling, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0113-8637","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Igor","family":"Klein","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"German Remote Sensing Data Centre, DFD, German Earth Observation Center, EOC, of the German Aerospace Centre, DLR, Oberpfaffenhofen, D-82234 Wessling, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6626-3052","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tobias","family":"Ullmann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Geography and Geology, University of Wuerzburg, Am Hubland,  D-97074 Wuerzburg, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Efi","family":"Georgiou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Civil Engineering, University of Minnesota, Twin Cities, St. Anthony Falls Laboratory & National Center for Earth-surface Dynamics (NCED), 2 Third Avenue SE, Minneapolis, MN 55414, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Roland","family":"Baumhauer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Geography and Geology, University of Wuerzburg, Am Hubland,  D-97074 Wuerzburg, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Stefan","family":"Dech","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"German Remote Sensing Data Centre, DFD, German Earth Observation Center, EOC, of the German Aerospace Centre, DLR, Oberpfaffenhofen, D-82234 Wessling, Germany"},{"name":"Department of Geography and Geology, University of Wuerzburg, Am Hubland,  D-97074 Wuerzburg, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2015,7,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Martinis, S., Twele, A., and Kersten, J. 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