{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,12]],"date-time":"2025-11-12T13:50:57Z","timestamp":1762955457070,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":48,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,7,22]],"date-time":"2015-07-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1437523200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Remote Sensing"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Freeze-thaw (FT) and moisture dynamics within the soil active layer are critical elements of boreal, arctic and alpine ecosystems, and environmental change assessments. We evaluated the potential for detecting dielectric changes within different soil layers using combined L- and P-band radar remote sensing as a prerequisite for detecting FT and moisture profile changes within the soil active layer. A two-layer scattering model was developed and validated for simulating radar responses from vertically inhomogeneous soil. The model simulations indicated that inhomogeneity in the soil dielectric profile contributes to both L- and P-band backscatter, but with greater P-band sensitivity at depth. The difference in L- and P-band responses to soil dielectric profile inhomogeneity appears suitable for detecting associated changes in soil active layer conditions. Additional evaluation using collocated airborne radar (AIRSAR) observations and in situ soil moisture measurements over alpine tundra indicates that combined L- and P-band SAR observations are sensitive to soil dielectric profile heterogeneity associated with variations in soil moisture and FT conditions.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/rs70709450","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,7,22]],"date-time":"2015-07-22T08:45:40Z","timestamp":1437554740000},"page":"9450-9472","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":21,"title":["Theoretical Modeling and Analysis of L- and P-band Radar Backscatter Sensitivity to Soil Active Layer Dielectric Variations"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"7","author":[{"given":"Jinyang","family":"Du","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Numerical Terradynamic Simulation Group, College of Forestry and Conservation,  The University of Montana, Missoula, MT 59812, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"John","family":"Kimball","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Numerical Terradynamic Simulation Group, College of Forestry and Conservation,  The University of Montana, Missoula, MT 59812, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mahta","family":"Moghaddam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Ming Hsieh Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Southern California,  Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2015,7,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"149","DOI":"10.1038\/22087","article-title":"Influence of snowfall and melt timing on tree growth in subarctic Eurasia","volume":"400","author":"Vaganov","year":"1999","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1560","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1082750","article-title":"Climate-driven increases in global terrestrial net primary production from 1982 to 1999","volume":"300","author":"Nemani","year":"2003","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1175\/EI187.1","article-title":"Spring thaw and its effect on terrestrial vegetation productivity in the western Arctic observed from satellite microwave and optical remote sensing","volume":"10","author":"Kimball","year":"2006","journal-title":"Earth Interact."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"294","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhydrol.2004.12.018","article-title":"Remote sensing of snow thaw at the pan-Arctic scale using the SeaWinds scatterometer","volume":"312","author":"Rawlins","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. 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