{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,14]],"date-time":"2026-02-14T13:25:11Z","timestamp":1771075511380,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":92,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,12,5]],"date-time":"2015-12-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1449273600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000104","name":"National Aeronautics and Space Administration","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["NNH10A086I"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NNH10A086I"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000104","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Remote Sensing"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Broad-scale estimates of belowground biomass are needed to understand wetland resiliency and C and N cycling, but these estimates are difficult to obtain because root:shoot ratios vary considerably both within and between species. We used remotely-sensed estimates of two aboveground plant characteristics, aboveground biomass and % foliar N to explore biomass allocation in low diversity freshwater impounded peatlands (Sacramento-San Joaquin River Delta, CA, USA). We developed a hybrid modeling approach to relate remotely-sensed estimates of % foliar N (a surrogate for environmental N and plant available nutrients) and aboveground biomass to field-measured belowground biomass for species specific and mixed species models. We estimated up to 90% of variation in foliar N concentration using partial least squares (PLS) regression of full-spectrum field spectrometer reflectance data. Landsat 7 reflectance data explained up to 70% of % foliar N and 67% of aboveground biomass. Spectrally estimated foliar N or aboveground biomass had negative relationships with belowground biomass and root:shoot ratio in both Schoenoplectus acutus and Typha, consistent with a balanced growth model, which suggests plants only allocate growth belowground when additional nutrients are necessary to support shoot development. Hybrid models explained up to 76% of variation in belowground biomass and 86% of variation in root:shoot ratio. Our modeling approach provides a method for developing maps of spatial variation in wetland belowground biomass.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/rs71215837","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,12,9]],"date-time":"2015-12-09T07:06:30Z","timestamp":1449644790000},"page":"16480-16503","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":24,"title":["A Hybrid Model for Mapping Relative Differences in Belowground Biomass and Root: Shoot Ratios Using Spectral Reflectance, Foliar N and Plant Biophysical Data within Coastal Marsh"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"7","author":[{"given":"Jessica","family":"O\u2019Connell","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Environmental Sciences Policy and Management, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA"},{"name":"Department of Marine Sciences, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA"}]},{"given":"Kristin","family":"Byrd","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Geological Survey, Western Geographic Science Center, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0198-2822","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maggi","family":"Kelly","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Environmental Sciences Policy and Management, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2015,12,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1286","DOI":"10.1890\/1051-0761(2002)012[1286:DEOAFP]2.0.CO;2","article-title":"Direct estimation of aboveground forest productivity through hyperspectral remote sensing of canopy nitrogen","volume":"12","author":"Smith","year":"2002","journal-title":"Ecol. 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