{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,15]],"date-time":"2026-01-15T13:17:29Z","timestamp":1768483049022,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":69,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,12,8]],"date-time":"2015-12-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1449532800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"National Natural Science Foundation project of China","award":["41271433"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["41271433"]}]},{"name":"National Natural Science Foundation project of China","award":["41571373"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["41571373"]}]},{"name":"International Cooperation Key Project of CAS","award":["GJHZ201320"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["GJHZ201320"]}]},{"name":"International Cooperation Partner Program of Innovative Team, CAS","award":["KZZD-EW-TZ-06"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["KZZD-EW-TZ-06"]}]},{"name":"\u201cHundred Talents\u201d Project of Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS)"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Remote Sensing"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Time series remote sensing products with both fine spatial and dense temporal resolutions are urgently needed for many earth system studies. The development of small satellite constellations with identical sensors affords novel opportunities to provide such kind of earth observations. In this paper, a new dense time series 30-m image product was proposed respectively based on an 8-day, 16-day and monthly composition. The products were composited by the Charge Coupled Device (CCD) images from the 2-day revisit small satellite constellation for environmental monitoring and disaster mitigation of China (HJ-1A\/B). Taking the Zoige plateau in China as a case area where it is covered by highly heterogeneous vegetation landscapes, a detailed methodology was introduced on how to use 183 scenes of CCD images in 2010 to create composite products. The quality of the HJ CCD composites was evaluated by inter-comparison with the monthly 30-m global Web-Enabled Landsat Data (WELD), 16-day 500-m MODIS NDVI, and 8-day 500-m MODIS surface reflectance products. Results showed that the radiometric consistency between HJ and WELD composited Top Of Atmosphere (TOA) reflectance was in good agreement except for May, June, July and August when more clouds and invalid data gaps appeared in WELD. Visual assessment and temporal profile analysis also revealed that HJ possessed better visual effects and temporal coherence than that of WELD. The comparison between HJ and MODIS products indicated that HJ composites were radiometrically consistent with MODIS products over areas consisting of large patches of homogeneous surface types, but can better reflect the detailed spatial differences in regions with heterogeneous landscapes. This paper highlights the potential of compositing HJ-1A\/B CCD images, allowing for providing a cloud free, time-space consistent, 30-m spatial resolution, and dense in time series image product. Meanwhile, the proposed products could also be treated as a reference to generate regional or even global composited products for the on-going satellite constellations and even for the forthcoming satellite missions such as Sentinel-2A\/B.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/rs71215846","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,12,9]],"date-time":"2015-12-09T15:21:41Z","timestamp":1449674501000},"page":"16647-16671","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"title":["Development of Dense Time Series 30-m Image Products from the Chinese HJ-1A\/B Constellation: A Case Study in Zoige Plateau, China"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"7","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1472-5259","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jinhu","family":"Bian","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Mountain Hazards and Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu 610041, China"},{"name":"University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ainong","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Mountain Hazards and Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu 610041, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Qingfang","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Mountain Hazards and Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu 610041, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Chengquan","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Geography, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2015,12,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1228","DOI":"10.1109\/36.701075","article-title":"The moderate resolution imaging spectroradiometer (MODIS): Land remote sensing for global change research","volume":"36","author":"Justice","year":"1998","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. 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