{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,12]],"date-time":"2025-10-12T04:26:40Z","timestamp":1760243200971,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":23,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,12,25]],"date-time":"2015-12-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1451001600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Remote Sensing"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The Suomi NPP (S-NPP) Visible Infrared Imaging Radiometer Suite (VIIRS) performs the scheduled lunar roll maneuver on a monthly basis. The lunar calibration coefficients and lunar F-factor are calculated by taking the ratio of the lunar observed radiance to the simulated radiance from the Miller and Turner (MT) lunar model. The lunar F-factor is also validated against that derived from the VIIRS Solar Diffuser (SD). The MT model-based lunar F-factors in general agree with SD F-factors. The Lunar Band Ratio (LBR) is also derived from two channel lunar radiances and is implemented in the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) Integrated Calibration and Validation System (ICVS) to monitor the VIIRS long-term radiometric performance. The lunar radiances at pixels are summed for each of the VIIRS Reflective Solar Bands (RSBs) and normalized by the reference band M11 which has the most stable SD-based calibration coefficient. LBRs agree with the SD based F-factor ratios within one percent. Based on analysis with these two independent lunar calibration methods, SD-based and LBR-based calibrations show a lifetime consistency. Thus, it is recommended that LBR be used for both VIIRS radiometric calibration and lifetime stability monitoring.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/rs8010015","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,12,28]],"date-time":"2015-12-28T04:23:49Z","timestamp":1451276629000},"page":"15","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":36,"title":["Radiometric Stability Monitoring of the Suomi NPP Visible Infrared Imaging Radiometer Suite (VIIRS) Reflective Solar Bands Using the Moon"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"8","author":[{"given":"Taeyoung","family":"Choi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Earth Resources Technology Inc., 5830 University Research Ct. #2672, College Park, MD 20740, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xi","family":"Shao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Earth Resources Technology Inc., 5830 University Research Ct. #2672, College Park, MD 20740, USA"},{"name":"Department of Astronomy, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3572-6525","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Changyong","family":"Cao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"NOAA\/NESDIS\/STAR, 5830 University Research Ct., College Park, MD 20740, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Fuzhong","family":"Weng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"NOAA\/NESDIS\/STAR, 5830 University Research Ct., College Park, MD 20740, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2015,12,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"Schueler, C., Clement, J.E., Ardanuy, P., Welsh, C., DeLuccia, F., and Swenson, H. (2013). NPOESS VIIRS sensor design overview. Proc. SPIE, 4483."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Cao, C., Xiong, X., Blonski, S., Liu, Q., Uprety, S., Shao, X., Bai, Y., and Weng, F. (2013). Suomi NPP VIIRS sensor data record verification, validation, and long-term performance monitoring. J. Geophys. Res. Atmos., 118.","DOI":"10.1002\/2013JD020418"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1142","DOI":"10.1109\/TGRS.2013.2247768","article-title":"Early on-orbit performance of the visible infrared imaging radiometer suite (VIIRS) onboard the suomi national polar-orbiting partnership (S-NPP) Satellite","volume":"52","author":"Cao","year":"2014","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sens."},{"key":"ref_4","unstructured":"Baker, N., and Kilcoyne, H. 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Proceedings of the NOAA STAR JPSS 2015 Annual Science Team Meeting, College Park, MD, USA."}],"container-title":["Remote Sensing"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2072-4292\/8\/1\/15\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T20:54:51Z","timestamp":1760216091000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2072-4292\/8\/1\/15"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2015,12,25]]},"references-count":23,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,1]]}},"alternative-id":["rs8010015"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/rs8010015","relation":{},"ISSN":["2072-4292"],"issn-type":[{"type":"electronic","value":"2072-4292"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2015,12,25]]}}}