{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,1]],"date-time":"2026-07-01T19:08:02Z","timestamp":1782932882651,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":14,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,1,8]],"date-time":"2016-01-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1452211200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Remote Sensing"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Coral bleaching and mortality is predicted to increase under global climate change. A new observation technique is required to monitor regional coral conditions. To this end, we developed a light detection and ranging (LIDAR) system installed in a towable buoy for boat observations, which acquires continuous fluorescent images of the seabed during day-time. Most corals have innate fluorescent proteins in their tissue, and they emit fluorescence by ultraviolet excitation. This fluorescence distinguishes living coral from dead coral skeleton, crustose coralline algae, and sea algae. This paper provides a proof of concept for using the LIDAR system and fluorescence to map coral distribution within 1 km scale and coral cover within 100 m scale for a single reef in Japan.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/rs8010048","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,1,8]],"date-time":"2016-01-08T23:38:27Z","timestamp":1452296307000},"page":"48","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":21,"title":["Development of a Regional Coral Observation Method by a Fluorescence Imaging LIDAR Installed in a Towable Buoy"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"8","author":[{"given":"Masahiko","family":"Sasano","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"National Maritime Research Institute, 6-38-1 Shinkawa, Mitaka, Tokyo 181-0004, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Motonobu","family":"Imasato","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Maritime Research Institute, 6-38-1 Shinkawa, Mitaka, Tokyo 181-0004, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hiroya","family":"Yamano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Institute of Environmental Studies, 16-2 Onogawa, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8506, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hiroyuki","family":"Oguma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Institute of Environmental Studies, 16-2 Onogawa, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8506, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,1,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"205","DOI":"10.1071\/MF10254","article-title":"Climate change impedes scleractinian corals as primary reef ecosystem engineers","volume":"62","author":"Wild","year":"2011","journal-title":"Mar. 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Available online: http:\/\/www.env.go.jp\/earth\/kenkyuhi\/report\/pdf\/11_2_3.pdf."},{"key":"ref_13","first-page":"377","article-title":"Coral observation by fluorescence imaging LIDAR on a glass-bottom boat","volume":"33","author":"Sasano","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Remote Sens. Soc. Jpn."},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"515","DOI":"10.1562\/0031-8655(2003)077<0515:STROTE>2.0.CO;2","article-title":"Simultaneous time resolution of the emission spectra of fluorescent proteins and zooxanthellar chlorophyll in reef-building corals","volume":"77","author":"Gilmore","year":"2003","journal-title":"Photochem. 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