{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,3]],"date-time":"2026-06-03T14:42:40Z","timestamp":1780497760926,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,2,8]],"date-time":"2016-02-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1454889600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Open Fund of the State Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing Science","award":["OFSLRSS201411"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["OFSLRSS201411"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["41201344"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["41201344"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Remote Sensing"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The panchromatic and multispectral (PMS) sensor is an optical imaging sensor aboard the Gao Fen-1 (GF-1) satellite. This work describes an approach to validate the calibration coefficients of the PMS sensors based on the image data of the Landsat 8 Operational Land Imager (OLI). Two image pairs, one obtained over the Dunhuang test site and the other over the Golmud test site, were used in this paper. Two spectral band adjustment factors (SBAF), given as the radiance SBAF and reflectance SBAF, were applied to correct the differences in the respective images caused by the relative spectral responses of the PMS sensor and OLI. Uncertainties in the SBAF values arising from atmospheric parameters and the absence of a measured ground spectrum were analyzed in this paper. The results show that the average relative differences of top-of-atmosphere radiance and reflectance values for each band between the PMS sensor and OLI images are 2%\u20135% for most bands, after SBAF correction with a measured ground spectrum or fitted spectrum. It is demonstrated that the OLI image can be used to validate the calibration coefficient of the PMS sensor, even if the image pairs are not imaged on the same day.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/rs8020132","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,2,9]],"date-time":"2016-02-09T13:45:23Z","timestamp":1455025523000},"page":"132","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":23,"title":["Validation of the Calibration Coefficient of the GaoFen-1 PMS Sensor Using the Landsat 8 OLI"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"8","author":[{"given":"Hailiang","family":"Gao","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing Science, Institute of Remote Sensing and Digital Earth, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6370-799X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xingfa","family":"Gu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing Science, Institute of Remote Sensing and Digital Earth, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tao","family":"Yu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing Science, Institute of Remote Sensing and Digital Earth, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Li","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"China Centre for Resources Satellite Data and Application, Beijing 100094, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuan","family":"Sun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing Science, Institute of Remote Sensing and Digital Earth, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yong","family":"Xie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing Science, Institute of Remote Sensing and Digital Earth, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qiyue","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing Science, Institute of Remote Sensing and Digital Earth, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,2,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","first-page":"127","article-title":"Wide dynamic radiometric calibration of GF-1 PMS sensor using multi-test sites","volume":"44","author":"Han","year":"2015","journal-title":"Infrared Laser Eng."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105","DOI":"10.1016\/0034-4257(90)90060-Y","article-title":"Three methods for the absolute calibration of the NOAA AVHRR sensors in-flight","volume":"31","author":"Teillet","year":"1990","journal-title":"Remote Sens. Environ."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1016\/S0034-4257(01)00247-4","article-title":"Absolute radiometric calibration of Landsat-7 ETM+ using the reflectance-based method","volume":"78","author":"Thome","year":"2001","journal-title":"Remote Sens. Environ."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2777","DOI":"10.1109\/TGRS.2004.839085","article-title":"Landsat-5 TM and Landsat-7 ETM+ absolute radiometric calibration using the reflectance-based method","volume":"42","author":"Thome","year":"2004","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sens."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"194","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rse.2006.09.028","article-title":"Analysis of MODIS-MISR calibration differences using surface albedo around AERONET sites and cloud reflectance","volume":"107","author":"Lyapustin","year":"2007","journal-title":"Remote Sens. Environ."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.1016\/S0034-4257(01)00248-6","article-title":"Radiometric cross-calibration of the Landsat-7 ETM+ and Landsat-5 TM sensors based on tandem data sets","volume":"78","author":"Teillet","year":"2001","journal-title":"Remote Sens. Environ."},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"264","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rse.2006.02.005","article-title":"Landsat cross-calibration based on near simultaneous imaging of common ground targets","volume":"102","author":"Teillet","year":"2006","journal-title":"Remote Sens. Environ."},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"537","DOI":"10.1175\/1520-0426(2004)021<0537:PSNOAP>2.0.CO;2","article-title":"Predicting simultaneous nadir overpasses among polar-orbiting meteorological satellites for the intersatellite calibration of radiometers","volume":"21","author":"Cao","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Atmos. Ocean. Technol."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"381","DOI":"10.1175\/JTECH1713.1","article-title":"Intersatellite radiance biases for the High-Resolution Infrared Radiation Sounders (HIRS) on board NOAA-15, -16, and -17 from Simultaneous Nadir Observations","volume":"22","author":"Cao","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Atmos. Ocean. Technol."},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3688","DOI":"10.1080\/01431161.2012.716531","article-title":"The cross calibration of CBERS-02B\/CCD visible-near-infrared channels with Terra\/MODIS channels","volume":"34","author":"Gao","year":"2013","journal-title":"Int. J. Remote Sens."},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2821","DOI":"10.1109\/TGRS.2004.836387","article-title":"Cross calibration of the Landsat-7 ETM+ and EO-1 ALI sensor","volume":"42","author":"Chander","year":"2004","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sens."},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1180","DOI":"10.1109\/TGRS.2003.813210","article-title":"Cross comparison of EO-1 sensors and other Earth resources sensors to Landsat-7 ETM+ using Railroad Valley Playa","volume":"41","author":"Thome","year":"2003","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sens."},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"89","DOI":"10.1088\/0026-1394\/40\/1\/320","article-title":"MODIS on-orbit calibration and characterization","volume":"40","author":"Xiong","year":"2003","journal-title":"Metrologia"},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"413","DOI":"10.1016\/j.asr.2008.04.008","article-title":"NASA EOS Terra and Aqua MODIS on-orbit performance","volume":"43","author":"Xiong","year":"2009","journal-title":"Adv. Space Res."},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Chander, G., Helder, D.L., Malla, R., Micijevic, E., and Mettler, C.J. (2007). Consistency of L4 TM absolute calibration with respect to the L5 TM sensor based on near-simultaneous image acquisition. Proc. SPIE, 667.","DOI":"10.1117\/12.734208"},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10286","DOI":"10.3390\/rs61110286","article-title":"Landsat-8 operational land imager design, characterization and performance","volume":"6","author":"Knight","year":"2014","journal-title":"Remote Sens."},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2279","DOI":"10.3390\/rs70302279","article-title":"Landsat-8 sensor characterization and calibration","volume":"7","author":"Markham","year":"2015","journal-title":"Remote Sens."},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12619","DOI":"10.3390\/rs61212275","article-title":"Landsat-8 Operational Land Imager Radiometric Calibration and Stability","volume":"6","author":"Markham","year":"2014","journal-title":"Remote Sens."},{"key":"ref_19","first-page":"433","article-title":"In-flight absolute calibration of the CBERS-02 CCD sensor at the Dunhuang test site","volume":"7","author":"Fu","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Remote Sens."},{"key":"ref_20","first-page":"2826","article-title":"Radiometric calibration for HJ-1A Hyper-spectrum Imager and Uncertainty analysis","volume":"38","author":"Gao","year":"2009","journal-title":"Acta Phtonica Sin."},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3119","DOI":"10.1007\/s11431-010-4113-2","article-title":"HJ-1A HSI on-orbit radiometric calibration and validation research","volume":"53","author":"Gao","year":"2010","journal-title":"Sci. China Technol. Sci."},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Chen, Z., Zhang, B., Zhang, X., Zhang, H., and Li, J. (2009, January 25\u201330). Reflectance-based calibration of Beijing-1 micro-satellite. Proceedings of the Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium, Cape Town, South Africa.","DOI":"10.1109\/IGARSS.2009.5417751"},{"key":"ref_23","first-page":"2926","article-title":"Post launch site calibration of visible and near-infrared channels of FY-3A visible and inferred radiometers","volume":"17","author":"Li","year":"2009","journal-title":"Opt. Precis. Eng."},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1707","DOI":"10.3788\/OPE.20142207.1707","article-title":"High-frequency radiometric calibration for wide field-of-view sensor of GF-1 satellite","volume":"22","author":"Han","year":"2014","journal-title":"Opt. Precis. Eng."},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hu, X., Zhang, Y., Liu, Z., Zhang, G., Huang, Y., Qiu, Q., Wang, Y., Zhang, L., Zhu, X., and Rong, Z. (2001). Optical characteristics of China Radiometric Calibration Site for Remote Sensing Satellite Sensors(CRCSRSSS). Proc. SPIE, 4151.","DOI":"10.1117\/12.416994"},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"393","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rse.2007.03.003","article-title":"Impacts of spectral band difference effects on radiometric cross-calibration between satellite sensors in the solar-reflective spectral domain","volume":"110","author":"Teillet","year":"2007","journal-title":"Remote Sens. Environ."},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1267","DOI":"10.1109\/TGRS.2012.2228007","article-title":"Applications of spectral band adjustment factors (SBAF) for cross-calibration","volume":"51","author":"Chander","year":"2013","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sens."},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4127","DOI":"10.1109\/TGRS.2015.2391292","article-title":"Cross calibration of the HSI sensor Reflective solar bands using Hyperion Data","volume":"53","author":"Gao","year":"2015","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sens."},{"key":"ref_29","unstructured":"Berk, A., Anderson, G.P., Acharya, P.K., Chetwynd, J.H., Bernstein, L.S., Shettle, E.P., Matthew, M.W., and Adler-Golden, S.M. (1999). MODTAN 4 User\u2019s Manual, Spectral Sciences Inc."},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Anderson, G.P., Felde, G.W., Hoke, M.L., Ratkowski, A.J., and Cooley, T.W. (2002). MODTRAN4-based atmospheric correction algorithm: FLAASH (fast line-of-sight atmospheric analysis of spectral hypercubes). Proc. SPIE, 4725.","DOI":"10.1117\/12.478737"}],"container-title":["Remote Sensing"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2072-4292\/8\/2\/132\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T19:19:01Z","timestamp":1760210341000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2072-4292\/8\/2\/132"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2016,2,8]]},"references-count":30,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,2]]}},"alternative-id":["rs8020132"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/rs8020132","relation":{},"ISSN":["2072-4292"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2072-4292","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2016,2,8]]}}}