{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,13]],"date-time":"2025-10-13T15:28:38Z","timestamp":1760369318893,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,2,18]],"date-time":"2016-02-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1455753600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["41501369"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["41501369"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Postdoctoral Science Foundation of China","award":["2014M562206"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2014M562206"]}]},{"name":"Geographic National Condition Monitoring Engineering Research Center of Sichuan Province","award":["GC201513"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["GC201513"]}]},{"name":"Shenzhen Scientific Research and Development Funding Program","award":["ZDSY20121019111146499","JSGG20121026111056204"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ZDSY20121019111146499","JSGG20121026111056204"]}]},{"name":"Shenzhen Dedicated Funding of Strategic Emerging Industry Development Program","award":["JCYJ20121019111128765"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["JCYJ20121019111128765"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Remote Sensing"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The accurate extraction and mapping of built-up areas play an important role in many social, economic, and environmental studies. In this paper, we propose a novel approach for built-up area detection from high spatial resolution remote sensing images, using a block-based multi-scale feature representation framework. First, an image is divided into small blocks, in which the spectral, textural, and structural features are extracted and represented using a multi-scale framework; a set of refined Harris corner points is then used to select blocks as training samples; finally, a built-up index image is obtained by minimizing the normalized spectral, textural, and structural distances to the training samples, and a built-up area map is obtained by thresholding the index image. Experiments confirm that the proposed approach is effective for high-resolution optical and synthetic aperture radar images, with different scenes and different spatial resolutions.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/rs8020155","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,2,18]],"date-time":"2016-02-18T22:19:47Z","timestamp":1455833987000},"page":"155","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":19,"title":["Representation of Block-Based Image Features in a Multi-Scale Framework for Built-Up Area Detection"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"8","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2689-3196","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zhongwen","family":"Hu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Information Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory for Geo-Environmental Monitoring of Coastal Zone of the National Administration of Surveying, Mapping and Geoinformation &amp; Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Spatial Smart Sensing and Services, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Qingquan","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory for Geo-Environmental Monitoring of Coastal Zone of the National Administration of Surveying, Mapping and Geoinformation &amp; Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Spatial Smart Sensing and Services, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Qian","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Multi-spectral Information Processing, School of Automation, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2275-6530","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Guofeng","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory for Geo-Environmental Monitoring of Coastal Zone of the National Administration of Surveying, Mapping and Geoinformation &amp; Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Spatial Smart Sensing and Services, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,2,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1016\/S0169-2046(02)00076-2","article-title":"Diurnal air temperatures in built-up areas in relation to urban planning","volume":"61","author":"Svensson","year":"2002","journal-title":"Landsc. 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