{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,6]],"date-time":"2026-03-06T09:13:00Z","timestamp":1772788380175,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":74,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,2,25]],"date-time":"2016-02-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1456358400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100007808","name":"Comisi\u00f3n Nacional de Actividades Espaciales","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["AO SAOCOM 22"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["AO SAOCOM 22"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100007808","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Agencia Nacional de Promoci\u00f3n Cient\u00edfica y T\u00e9cnica","award":["PICTO-CIN I 22"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PICTO-CIN I 22"]}]},{"name":"Agencia Nacional de Promoci\u00f3n Cient\u00edfica y T\u00e9cnica","award":["PICT 2014-0824"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PICT 2014-0824"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Remote Sensing"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The inclusion of functional approaches on wetland characterizations and on biodiversity assessments improves our understanding of ecosystem functioning. In the Lower Paran\u00e1 River floodplain, we assessed the ability of C-band polarimetric SAR data of contrasting incidence angles to discriminate wetland areas dominated by different plant functional types (PFTs). Unsupervised H\/\u03b1 and H\/A\/\u03b1 Wishart classifications were implemented on two RADARSAT-2 images differing in their incidence angles (FQ24 and FQ08). Obtained classes were assigned to the information classes (open water, bare soil and PFTs) by a priori labeling criteria that involved the expected interaction mechanisms between SAR signal and PFTs as well as the relative values of H and \u03b1. The product obtained with the shallow incidence angle scene had a higher accuracy than the one obtained with the steep incidence angle product (61.5% vs. 46.2%). We show how a systematic analysis of the H\/A\/\u03b1 space can be used to improve the knowledge about the radar polarimetric response of herbaceous vegetation. The map obtained provides novel ecologically relevant information about plant strategies dominating the floodplain. Since the obtained classes can be interpreted in terms of their functional features, the approach is a valuable tool for predicting vegetation response to floods, anthropic impacts and climate change.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/rs8030174","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,2,25]],"date-time":"2016-02-25T10:24:25Z","timestamp":1456395865000},"page":"174","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":40,"title":["Mapping Plant Functional Types in Floodplain Wetlands: An Analysis of C-Band Polarimetric SAR Data from RADARSAT-2"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"8","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3674-2981","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Natalia","family":"Morandeira","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratorio de Ecolog\u00eda, Teledetecci\u00f3n y Ecoinform\u00e1tica, Instituto de Investigaci\u00f3n e Ingenier\u00eda Ambiental, Universidad Nacional de San Mart\u00edn, 25 de Mayo and Francia S\/N, General San Mart\u00edn 1650, Buenos Aires, Argentina"},{"name":"Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Cient\u00edficas y T\u00e9cnicas, Godoy Cruz 2290, Ciudad Aut\u00f3noma de Buenos Aires 1425, Argentina"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Francisco","family":"Grings","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Cient\u00edficas y T\u00e9cnicas, Godoy Cruz 2290, Ciudad Aut\u00f3noma de Buenos Aires 1425, Argentina"},{"name":"Grupo de Teledetecci\u00f3n Cuantitativa, Instituto de Astronom\u00eda y F\u00edsica del Espacio, Universidad de Buenos Aires\u2014Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Cient\u00edficas y T\u00e9cnicas, Intendente G\u00fciraldes 2160, Ciudad Aut\u00f3noma de Buenos Aires 1428, Argentina"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Claudia","family":"Facchinetti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Agenzia Spaziale Italiana, Via del Politecnico snc, Rome 00133, Italy"},{"name":"Instituto Gulich, Comisi\u00f3n Nacional de Actividades Espaciales, Ruta C45 km 8 Falda del Ca\u00f1ete, C\u00f3rdoba 5187, Argentina"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Patricia","family":"Kandus","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratorio de Ecolog\u00eda, Teledetecci\u00f3n y Ecoinform\u00e1tica, Instituto de Investigaci\u00f3n e Ingenier\u00eda Ambiental, Universidad Nacional de San Mart\u00edn, 25 de Mayo and Francia S\/N, General San Mart\u00edn 1650, Buenos Aires, Argentina"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,2,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"113","DOI":"10.1007\/s00027-012-0253-8","article-title":"Current state of knowledge regarding South America wetlands and their future under global climate change","volume":"75","author":"Junk","year":"2012","journal-title":"Aquat. Sci."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"245","DOI":"10.2478\/v10104-009-0019-7","article-title":"Resource use in the Parana River Delta (Argentina): Moving away from an ecohydrological approach?","volume":"8","author":"Puig","year":"2008","journal-title":"Ecohydrol. Hydrobiol."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"151","DOI":"10.1007\/s00027-012-0278-z","article-title":"Current state of knowledge regarding the world\u2019s wetlands and their future under global climate change: A synthesis","volume":"75","author":"Junk","year":"2013","journal-title":"Aquat. Sci."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"215","DOI":"10.1016\/0169-555X(95)00038-7","article-title":"Spatial patterns of hydrology, geomorphology, and vegetation on the floodplain of the Amazon River from a remote sensing perspective","volume":"13","author":"Mertes","year":"1995","journal-title":"Geomorphology"},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"663","DOI":"10.1080\/014311697218999","article-title":"Identification and mapping of the Amazon habitats using a mixing model","volume":"18","author":"Novo","year":"1997","journal-title":"Int. J. Remote Sens."},{"key":"ref_6","first-page":"35","article-title":"Datos satelitales \u00f3pticos y de radar para el mapeo de ambientes en macrosistemas de humedal","volume":"31","author":"Salvia","year":"2009","journal-title":"Rev. Teledetec."},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"131","DOI":"10.1007\/s10661-007-9855-3","article-title":"Remote sensing of aquatic vegetation: Theory and applications","volume":"140","author":"Silva","year":"2008","journal-title":"Environ. Monit. Assess."},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"404","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rse.2003.04.001","article-title":"Dual-season mapping of wetland inundation and vegetation for the central Amazon basin","volume":"87","author":"Hess","year":"2003","journal-title":"Remote Sens. Environ."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"205","DOI":"10.1016\/0034-4257(94)90142-2","article-title":"Radar remote sensing of forest and wetland ecosystems in the Central American tropics","volume":"48","author":"Pope","year":"1994","journal-title":"Remote Sens. Environ."},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1998","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rse.2010.04.007","article-title":"Spatial and temporal variability of macrophyte cover and productivity in the eastern Amazon floodplain: a remote sensing approach","volume":"114","author":"Silva","year":"2010","journal-title":"Remote Sens. Environ."},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5809","DOI":"10.1080\/01431160801958405","article-title":"Radar detection of wetland ecosystems: A review","volume":"29","author":"Henderson","year":"2008","journal-title":"Int. J. Remote Sens."},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1313","DOI":"10.1080\/01431169008955095","article-title":"Radar detection of flooding beneath the forest canopy: A review","volume":"11","author":"Hess","year":"1990","journal-title":"Int. J. Remote Sens."},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1401","DOI":"10.1080\/01431160110092957","article-title":"Biophysical properties and mapping of aquatic vegetation during the hydrological cycle of the Amazon floodplain using JERS-1 and Radarsat","volume":"23","author":"Costa","year":"2002","journal-title":"Int. J. Remote Sens."},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1241","DOI":"10.1080\/01431160110092885","article-title":"Relationship between macrophyte stand variables and radar backscatter at L and C band, Tucuru\u00ed reservoir, Brazil","volume":"23","author":"Novo","year":"2002","journal-title":"Int. J. Remote Sens."},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5361","DOI":"10.1080\/01431160802036409","article-title":"Model investigation about the potential of C band SAR in herbaceous wetlands flood monitoring","volume":"29","author":"Grings","year":"2008","journal-title":"Int. J. Remote Sens."},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"651","DOI":"10.1080\/07038992.2001.10854907","article-title":"Influence of flood conditions and vegetation status on the radar backscatter of wetland ecosystems","volume":"27","author":"Kandus","year":"2001","journal-title":"Can. J. Remote Sens."},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"175","DOI":"10.5589\/m02-014","article-title":"Mapping wetlands using multi-temporal RADARSAT-1 data and a decision-based classifier","volume":"28","author":"Parmuchi","year":"2002","journal-title":"Can. J. Remote Sens."},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aquabot.2015.01.006","article-title":"Multi-scale analysis of environmental constraints on macrophyte distribution, floristic groups and plant diversity in the Lower Paran\u00e1 River floodplain","volume":"123","author":"Morandeira","year":"2015","journal-title":"Aquat. Bot."},{"key":"ref_19","first-page":"1","article-title":"Estudio de las comunidades de plantas herb\u00e1ceas de las islas bonaerenses del Bajo Delta del R\u00edo Paran\u00e1 (Argentina)","volume":"41","author":"Kandus","year":"2003","journal-title":"Darwiniana"},{"key":"ref_20","unstructured":"Lunetta, R., and Elviidge, C. (1998). Remote Sensing Change Detection: Environmental Monitoring Methods and Applications, Ann Harbor Press."},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"141","DOI":"10.1016\/S0034-4257(96)00148-4","article-title":"The use of imaging radars for ecological applications\u2014A review","volume":"59","author":"Kasischke","year":"1997","journal-title":"Remote Sens. Environ."},{"key":"ref_22","unstructured":"Schmullius, C.C., and Evans, D.L. (1997, January 3\u20138). Tabular summary of SIR-C\/X-SAR results: Synthetic Aperture Radar frequency and polarization requirements for applications in ecology and hydrology. Proceedings of the 1997 IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium, Suntec City, Singapore."},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3241","DOI":"10.1109\/TGRS.2009.2018626","article-title":"Phase of target scattering for wetland characterization using polarimetric C-Band SAR","volume":"47","author":"Touzi","year":"2009","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sens."},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"896","DOI":"10.1109\/36.406675","article-title":"Delineation of inundated area and vegetation along the Amazon Floodplain with the SIR-C Synthetic Aperture Radar","volume":"33","author":"Hess","year":"1995","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sens."},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"157","DOI":"10.1016\/S0034-4257(96)00151-4","article-title":"Detecting seasonal flooding cycles in marshes of the Yucatan Peninsula with SIR-C polarimetric radar imagery","volume":"4257","author":"Pope","year":"1997","journal-title":"Remote Sens. Environ."},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"470","DOI":"10.5589\/m03-073","article-title":"Case studies demonstrating the hydrological applications of C-band multipolarized and polarimetric SAR","volume":"30","author":"Sokol","year":"2004","journal-title":"Can. J. Remote Sens."},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"960","DOI":"10.1109\/36.752214","article-title":"Experimental and model investigation on radar classification capability","volume":"37","author":"Ferrazzoli","year":"1999","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sens."},{"key":"ref_28","unstructured":"Kim, Y., and van Zyl, J. (2001, January 9\u201313). Comparison of forest parameter estimation techniques using SAR data. Proceedings of the 2001 IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium, Sydney, Australia."},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2802","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rse.2010.06.015","article-title":"ASAR polarimetric, multi-incidence angle and multitemporal characterization of Do\u00f1ana wetlands for flood extent monitoring","volume":"114","year":"2010","journal-title":"Remote Sens. Environ."},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Turkar, V., and Rao, Y.S. (2011, January 25\u201326). Analysis of multi-frequency polarimetric SAR data using different classification techniques. Proceedings of the 2011 International Conference and Workshop on Emerging Trends in Technology (ICWET), Mumbai, India.","DOI":"10.1145\/1980022.1980042"},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S56","DOI":"10.5589\/m07-047","article-title":"Wetland characterization using polarimetric RADARSAT-2 capability","volume":"33","author":"Touzi","year":"2007","journal-title":"Can. J. Remote Sens."},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4717","DOI":"10.1109\/TGRS.2011.2157972","article-title":"Mapping macrophyte species in the Amazon floodplain wetlands using fully polarimetric ALOS\/PALSAR data","volume":"49","author":"Sartori","year":"2011","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sens."},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1949","DOI":"10.1080\/01431161.2012.730156","article-title":"Compact polarimetry assessment for rice and wetland mapping","volume":"34","author":"Brisco","year":"2013","journal-title":"Int. J. Remote Sens."},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Storie, J., Lawson, A., and Storie, C. (2012, January 22\u201327). Using L-band SAR images to map coastal wetlands. Proceedings of the 2012 IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium, Munich, Germany.","DOI":"10.1109\/IGARSS.2012.6351454"},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Pottier, E., Marechal, C., Allain-Bailhache, S., Meric, S., Hubert-Moy, L., and Corgne, S. (2012, January 22\u201327). On the use of fully polarimetric RADARSAT-2 time-series datasets for delineating and monitoring the seasonal dynamics of wetland ecosystem. Proceedings of the 2012 IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium, Munich, Germany.","DOI":"10.1109\/IGARSS.2012.6351625"},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8563","DOI":"10.3390\/rs70708563","article-title":"Evaluation of polarimetric SAR decomposition for classifying wetland vegetation types","volume":"7","author":"Hong","year":"2015","journal-title":"Remote Sens."},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"212","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rse.2015.12.013","article-title":"Dual-season and full-polarimetric C band SAR assessment for vegetation mapping in the Amazon v\u00e1rzea wetlands","volume":"174","author":"Furtado","year":"2016","journal-title":"Remote Sens. Environ."},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"491","DOI":"10.5589\/m14-002","article-title":"Polarimetric Radarsat-2 wetland classification using the Touzi decomposition: case of the Lac Saint-Pierre Ramsar wetland","volume":"39","author":"Gosselin","year":"2014","journal-title":"Can. J. Remote Sens."},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"118","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rse.2014.04.010","article-title":"Random forest classification of salt marsh vegetation habitats using quad-polarimetric airborne SAR, elevation and optical RS data","volume":"149","author":"Comber","year":"2014","journal-title":"Remote Sens. Environ."},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"646","DOI":"10.1016\/S0169-5347(01)02283-2","article-title":"Vive la diff\u00e9rence: Plant functional diversity matters to ecosystem processes","volume":"16","author":"Cabido","year":"2001","journal-title":"Trends Ecol. Evol."},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"795","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-8137.2010.03284.x","article-title":"Remote sensing of plant functional types","volume":"186","author":"Ustin","year":"2010","journal-title":"New Phytol."},{"key":"ref_42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Loreau, M., Naeem, S., and Inchausti, P. (2002). Biodiversity and Ecosystem Functioning. SYNTHESIS and Perspectives, Oxford University Press.","DOI":"10.1093\/oso\/9780198515708.001.0001"},{"key":"ref_43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20684","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0704716104","article-title":"Incorporating plant functional diversity effects in ecosystem service assessments","volume":"104","author":"Lavorel","year":"2007","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"ref_44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2873","DOI":"10.1007\/s10531-010-9850-9","article-title":"Towards an assessment of multiple ecosystem processes and services via functional traits","volume":"19","author":"Lavorel","year":"2010","journal-title":"Biodivers. Conserv."},{"key":"ref_45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1692","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2427.2008.01994.x","article-title":"A model of plant strategies in fluvial hydrosystems","volume":"53","author":"Bornette","year":"2008","journal-title":"Freshw. Biol."},{"key":"ref_46","unstructured":"Enrique, C. (2009). Relevamiento y Caracterizaci\u00f3n Flor\u00edstica y Espectral de los Bosques de la Regi\u00f3n del Delta del Paran\u00e1 a Partir de Im\u00e1genes Satelitales. [Bachelor\u2019s Thesis, Biological Sciences, FCEN-UBA]."},{"key":"ref_47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Salvia, M.M., Grings, F.M., Barraza, V., Perna, P., Karszenbaum, H., and Ferrazzoli, P. (2012, January 5\u20139). Active and passive microwave systems in the assessment of flooded area fraction and mean water level in the Paran\u00e1 River floodplain. Proceedings of the 12th Specialist Meeting on Microwave Radiometry and Remote Sensing of the Environment (MicroRad), Frascati, Italia.","DOI":"10.1109\/MicroRad.2012.6185239"},{"key":"ref_48","unstructured":"European Space Agency PolSARpro. V. 4.2. Available online: http:\/\/earth.eo.esa.int\/polsarpro\/."},{"key":"ref_49","unstructured":"Alaska Satellite Facility ASF Map Ready v. 3.0.6. Available online: https:\/\/www.asf.alaska.edu\/data-tools\/mapready\/."},{"key":"ref_50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"255636","DOI":"10.1117\/12.7973877","article-title":"Speckle supression and analysis for Synthetic Aperture Radar images","volume":"25","author":"Lee","year":"1986","journal-title":"Opt. Eng."},{"key":"ref_51","unstructured":"Lee, J.-S., and Pottier, E. (2009). Polarimetric Radar Imaging: From Basics to Applications, CRC Press."},{"key":"ref_52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"454","DOI":"10.1086\/284149","article-title":"Plant strategies in relation to elevation and light in floodplain herbs","volume":"122","author":"Menges","year":"1983","journal-title":"Am. Nat."},{"key":"ref_53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1169","DOI":"10.1086\/283244","article-title":"Evidence for the existence of three primary strategies in plants and its relevance to ecological and evolutionary theory","volume":"111","author":"Grime","year":"1977","journal-title":"Am. Nat."},{"key":"ref_54","unstructured":"Wheeler, B. lmPerm: Permutation Tests for Linear Models. R Package Version 1.1\u20132. Available online: http:\/\/cran.r-project.org\/package=lmPerm."},{"key":"ref_55","unstructured":"R Core Team R: A language and Environment for Statistical Computing. Available online: http:\/\/www.r-project.org\/."},{"key":"ref_56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"68","DOI":"10.1109\/36.551935","article-title":"An entropy based classification scheme for land applications of polarimetric SAR","volume":"35","author":"Cloude","year":"1997","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sens."},{"key":"ref_57","unstructured":"Pottier, E. (1994, January 8\u201312). Radar target decomposition theorems and unsupervized classification of full polarimetric data. Proceedings of the 1994 IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium, Pasadena, CA, USA."},{"key":"ref_58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2249","DOI":"10.1109\/36.789621","article-title":"Unsupervised classification using polarimetric decomposition and the complex Wishart classifier","volume":"37","author":"Lee","year":"1999","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sens."},{"key":"ref_59","first-page":"335","article-title":"Application of the \u201cH\/A\/\u03b1\u201d polarimetric decomposition theorem for unsupervised classification of fully polarimetric SAR data based on the Wishart distribution","volume":"1","author":"Pottier","year":"2000","journal-title":"SAR Workshop"},{"key":"ref_60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2238","DOI":"10.1109\/TGRS.2005.855067","article-title":"Modeling temporal evolution of Junco marshes radar signatures","volume":"43","author":"Grings","year":"2005","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sens."},{"key":"ref_61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"213","DOI":"10.1177\/001316446002000104","article-title":"A coefficient of agreement for nominal scales","volume":"20","author":"Cohen","year":"1960","journal-title":"Educ. Psychol. Meas."},{"key":"ref_62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4407","DOI":"10.1080\/01431161.2011.552923","article-title":"Death to Kappa: Birth of quantity disagreement and allocation disagreement for accuracy assessment","volume":"32","author":"Pontius","year":"2011","journal-title":"Int. J. Remote Sens."},{"key":"ref_63","unstructured":"Ball, G.H., and Hall, D.J. (1995). ISODATA, A Novel Method of Data Analysis and Pattern Classification, Stanford Research Institute."},{"key":"ref_64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"206","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rse.2012.12.013","article-title":"Classification of forest composition using polarimetric decomposition in multiple landscapes","volume":"131","author":"Dickinson","year":"2013","journal-title":"Remote Sens. Environ."},{"key":"ref_65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2332","DOI":"10.1109\/36.964969","article-title":"Unsupervised classification of multifrequency and fully polarimetric SAR images based on the H\/A\/Alpha-Wishart classifier","volume":"39","author":"Pottier","year":"2001","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sens."},{"key":"ref_66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"464","DOI":"10.1016\/j.isprsjprs.2008.12.008","article-title":"Classification comparisons between dual-pol, compact polarimetric and quad-pol SAR imagery","volume":"64","author":"Ainsworth","year":"2009","journal-title":"ISPRS J. Photogramm. Remote Sens."},{"key":"ref_67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"324","DOI":"10.1016\/0034-4257(95)00140-9","article-title":"Understanding the radar backscattering from flooded and nonflooded Amazonian Forests: results from canopy backscatter modeling","volume":"54","author":"Wang","year":"1995","journal-title":"Remote Sens. Environ."},{"key":"ref_68","unstructured":"Salvia, M.M. (2010). Aporte de la teledetecci\u00f3n al estudio del funcionamiento del macrosistema Delta del Paran\u00e1: An\u00e1lisis de series de tiempo y eventos extremos. [Ph.D Thesis, FCEN-UBA]."},{"key":"ref_69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"205","DOI":"10.1556\/ComEc.1.2000.2.10","article-title":"Disturbance, sucession and stability: a ten year study of temporal variation of species composition after a catastrophic flood in the river Paran\u00e1, Argentina","volume":"1","author":"Franceschi","year":"2000","journal-title":"Community Ecol."},{"key":"ref_70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Franceschi, E.A., Torres, P.S., and Lewis, J.P. (2005). Recovery and stability of Paran\u00e1 river floodplain grasslands twenty years after a catastrophic flood. Community Ecol.","DOI":"10.1556\/ComEc.6.2005.2.9"},{"key":"ref_71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3039","DOI":"10.1109\/TGRS.2013.2268853","article-title":"Double-bounce component in cross-polarimetric SAR from a new scattering target secomposition","volume":"52","author":"Hong","year":"2014","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sens."},{"key":"ref_72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1667","DOI":"10.1109\/TGRS.2008.916326","article-title":"POLSAR image analysis of wetlands using a modified four-component scattering power decomposition","volume":"46","author":"Yajima","year":"2008","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sens."},{"key":"ref_73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"180","DOI":"10.1016\/j.isprsjprs.2013.09.014","article-title":"Geographic object-based image analysis\u2014Towards a new paradigm","volume":"87","author":"Blaschke","year":"2014","journal-title":"ISPRS J. Photogramm. Remote Sens."},{"key":"ref_74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8565","DOI":"10.3390\/rs6098565","article-title":"Land cover characterization and classification of Arctic Tundra environments by means of Polarized Synthetic Aperture X- and C-Band Radar (PolSAR) and Landsat 8 multispectral imagery\u2014Richards Island, Canada","volume":"6","author":"Ullmann","year":"2014","journal-title":"Remote Sens."}],"container-title":["Remote Sensing"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2072-4292\/8\/3\/174\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T19:19:40Z","timestamp":1760210380000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2072-4292\/8\/3\/174"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2016,2,25]]},"references-count":74,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,3]]}},"alternative-id":["rs8030174"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/rs8030174","relation":{},"ISSN":["2072-4292"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2072-4292","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2016,2,25]]}}}