{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,12]],"date-time":"2026-05-12T20:25:58Z","timestamp":1778617558122,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":69,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,2,27]],"date-time":"2016-02-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1456531200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Remote Sensing"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The Spectranomics approach to tropical forest remote sensing has established a link between foliar reflectance spectra and the phylogenetic composition of tropical canopy tree communities vis-\u00e0-vis the taxonomic organization of biochemical trait variation. However, a direct relationship between phylogenetic affiliation and foliar reflectance spectra of species has not been established. We sought to develop this relationship by quantifying the extent to which underlying patterns of phylogenetic structure drive interspecific variation among foliar reflectance spectra within three Neotropical canopy tree communities with varying levels of soil fertility. We interpreted the resulting spectral patterns of phylogenetic signal in the context of foliar biochemical traits that may contribute to the spectral-phylogenetic link. We utilized a multi-model ensemble to elucidate trait-spectral relationships, and quantified phylogenetic signal for spectral wavelengths and traits using Pagel\u2019s lambda statistic. Foliar reflectance spectra showed evidence of phylogenetic influence primarily within the visible and shortwave infrared spectral regions. These regions were also selected by the multi-model ensemble as those most important to the quantitative prediction of several foliar biochemical traits. Patterns of phylogenetic organization of spectra and traits varied across sites and with soil fertility, indicative of the complex interactions between the environmental and phylogenetic controls underlying patterns of biodiversity.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/rs8030196","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,2,29]],"date-time":"2016-02-29T10:55:59Z","timestamp":1456743359000},"page":"196","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":46,"title":["Phylogenetic Structure of Foliar Spectral Traits in Tropical Forest Canopies"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"8","author":[{"given":"Kelly","family":"McManus","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Global Ecology, Carnegie Institution for Science, Stanford, CA 94305, USA"},{"name":"Department of Earth System Science, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7893-6421","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gregory","family":"Asner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Global Ecology, Carnegie Institution for Science, Stanford, CA 94305, USA"},{"name":"Department of Earth System Science, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3509-8530","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Roberta","family":"Martin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Global Ecology, Carnegie Institution for Science, Stanford, CA 94305, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kyle","family":"Dexter","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of GeoSciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3FF, UK"},{"name":"Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH3 5LR, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"W.","family":"Kress","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Botany, Smithsonian National Museum of Natural History, Washington, DC 20560, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Christopher","family":"Field","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Global Ecology, Carnegie Institution for Science, Stanford, CA 94305, USA"},{"name":"Department of Earth System Science, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,2,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"127","DOI":"10.3417\/2012016","article-title":"Organismic remote sensing for tropical forest ecology and conservation","volume":"100","author":"Asner","year":"2015","journal-title":"Ann. Mo. Bot. Gard."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S78","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rse.2008.10.018","article-title":"Characterizing canopy biochemistry from imaging spectroscopy and its application to ecosystem studies","volume":"113","author":"Kokaly","year":"2009","journal-title":"Remote Sens. Environ."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S67","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rse.2008.10.019","article-title":"Retrieval of foliar information about plant pigment systems from high resolution spectroscopy","volume":"113","author":"Ustin","year":"2009","journal-title":"Remote Sens. Environ."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ecocom.2013.06.003","article-title":"Review of optical-based remote sensing for plant trait mapping","volume":"15","author":"Clevers","year":"2013","journal-title":"Ecol. Complex."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2111","DOI":"10.1080\/01431160600944028","article-title":"Detecting mountain pine beetle red attack damage with EO-1 Hyperion moisture indices","volume":"28","author":"White","year":"2007","journal-title":"Int. J. Remote Sens."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6895","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1215513110","article-title":"Environmental and community controls on plant canopy chemistry in a Mediterranean-type ecosystem","volume":"110","author":"Dahlin","year":"2013","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"533","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rse.2013.09.014","article-title":"Assessing the potential of hyperspectral imagery to map bark beetle-induced tree mortality","volume":"140","author":"Fassnacht","year":"2014","journal-title":"Remote Sens. Environ."},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"375","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rse.2005.03.009","article-title":"Hyperspectral discrimination of tropical rain forest tree species at leaf to crown scales","volume":"96","author":"Clark","year":"2005","journal-title":"Remote Sens. Environ."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"406","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rse.2007.01.012","article-title":"Hyperspectral discrimination of tropical dry forest lianas and trees: Comparative data reduction approaches at the leaf and canopy levels","volume":"109","author":"Kalacska","year":"2007","journal-title":"Remote Sens. Environ."},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1289","DOI":"10.1890\/13-1824.1","article-title":"Mapping tropical forest canopy diversity using high-fidelity imaging spectroscopy","volume":"24","author":"Feret","year":"2014","journal-title":"Ecol. Appl."},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2677","DOI":"10.5194\/bg-6-2677-2009","article-title":"Basin-wide variations in foliar properties of Amazonian forest: Phylogeny, soils and climate","volume":"6","author":"Fyllas","year":"2009","journal-title":"Biogeosciences"},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"999","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-8137.2010.03549.x","article-title":"Canopy phylogenetic, chemical and spectral assembly in a lowland Amazonian forest","volume":"189","author":"Asner","year":"2011","journal-title":"New Phytol."},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"712","DOI":"10.1086\/343873","article-title":"Phylogenetic analysis and comparative data: A test and review of evidence","volume":"160","author":"Freckleton","year":"2002","journal-title":"Am. Nat."},{"key":"ref_14","first-page":"717","article-title":"Testing for phylogenetic signal in comparative data: Behavioral traits are more labile","volume":"57","author":"Blomberg","year":"2003","journal-title":"Evolution"},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"475","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.ecolsys.33.010802.150448","article-title":"Phylogenies and community ecology","volume":"33","author":"Webb","year":"2002","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Ecol. Syst."},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"18621","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0909820106","article-title":"Plant DNA barcodes and a community phylogeny of a tropical forest dynamics plot in Panama","volume":"106","author":"Kress","year":"2009","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hollingsworth, P.M., Graham, S.W., and Little, D.P. (2011). Choosing and using a plant DNA barcode. PLoS ONE, 6.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0019254"},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S86","DOI":"10.1890\/0012-9658(2006)87[86:TPSOAN]2.0.CO;2","article-title":"The phylogenetic structure of a neotropical forest tree community","volume":"87","author":"Kembel","year":"2006","journal-title":"Ecology"},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"271","DOI":"10.1086\/519400","article-title":"Trait evolution, community assembly, and the phylogenetic structure of ecological communities","volume":"170","author":"Kraft","year":"2007","journal-title":"Am. Nat."},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3664","DOI":"10.1890\/09-2335.1","article-title":"Functional traits and the growth\u2013mortality trade-off in tropical trees","volume":"91","author":"Wright","year":"2010","journal-title":"Ecology"},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"690","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2745.2012.01966.x","article-title":"Using functional traits and phylogenetic trees to examine the assembly of tropical tree communities","volume":"100","author":"Baraloto","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Ecol."},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tree.2014.10.008","article-title":"DNA barcodes for ecology, evolution, and conservation","volume":"30","author":"Kress","year":"2014","journal-title":"Trends Ecol. Evol."},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"401","DOI":"10.1890\/09-1672.1","article-title":"Functional trait and phylogenetic tests of community assembly across spatial scales in an Amazonian forest","volume":"80","author":"Kraft","year":"2010","journal-title":"Ecol. Monogr."},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"107","DOI":"10.1890\/0012-9658(2007)88[107:COFNRI]2.0.CO;2","article-title":"Controls over foliar N:P ratios in tropical rain forests","volume":"88","author":"Townsend","year":"2007","journal-title":"Ecology"},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"269","DOI":"10.1890\/070152","article-title":"Airborne spectranomics: Mapping canopy chemical and taxonomic diversity in tropical forests","volume":"7","author":"Asner","year":"2009","journal-title":"Front. Ecol. Environ."},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"240","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foreco.2012.10.045","article-title":"Species spectral signature: Discriminating closely related plant species in the Amazon with near-infrared leaf-spectroscopy","volume":"291","author":"Durgante","year":"2013","journal-title":"For. Ecol. Manag."},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lang, C., Costa, F.R.C., Camargo, J.L.C., Durgante, F.M., and Vicentini, A. (2015). Near infrared spectroscopy facilitates rapid identification of both young and mature Amazonian tree species. PLoS ONE, 10.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0134521"},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"877","DOI":"10.1038\/44766","article-title":"Inferring the historical patterns of biological evolution","volume":"401","author":"Pagel","year":"1999","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"681","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-8137.2012.04298.x","article-title":"Phylogenetic niche conservatism: What are the underlying evolutionary and ecological causes?","volume":"196","author":"Crisp","year":"2012","journal-title":"New Phytol."},{"key":"ref_30","unstructured":"Givnish, T.J. (1986, January 29). Photosynthesis-nitrogen relationship in wild plants. Proceedings of the Sixth Maria Moors Cabot Symposium on the Economy of Plant Form and Function."},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"213","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1004327224729","article-title":"A leaf-height-seed (LHS) plant ecology strategy scheme","volume":"199","author":"Westoby","year":"1998","journal-title":"Plant Soil"},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"565","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-8137.2009.02830.x","article-title":"Causes and consequences of variation in leaf mass per area (LMA): A meta-analysis","volume":"182","author":"Poorter","year":"2009","journal-title":"New Phytol."},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"137","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.es.17.110186.001033","article-title":"Nutrient cycling in moist tropical forest","volume":"17","author":"Vitousek","year":"1986","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Ecol. Syst."},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"621","DOI":"10.2307\/1936780","article-title":"Nitrogen and lignin control of hardwood leaf litter decomposition dynamics","volume":"63","author":"Melillo","year":"1982","journal-title":"Ecology"},{"key":"ref_35","first-page":"1","article-title":"Plant apparency and chemical defense","volume":"10","author":"Feeny","year":"1976","journal-title":"Recent Adv. Phytochem."},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"238","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00379246","article-title":"Costs and benefits of defense by tannins in a neotropical tree","volume":"70","author":"Coley","year":"1986","journal-title":"Oecologia"},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rse.2015.03.033","article-title":"Multi-method ensemble selection of spectral bands related to leaf biochemistry","volume":"164","author":"Feilhauer","year":"2015","journal-title":"Remote Sens. Environ."},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"181","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-8286.2004.00829.x","article-title":"Phylomatic: Tree assembly for applied phylogenetics","volume":"5","author":"Webb","year":"2005","journal-title":"Mol. Ecol. Notes"},{"key":"ref_39","unstructured":"Woodring, W.P. (1958). Geology of Barro Colorado Island, Canal Zone, Smithsonian Institution."},{"key":"ref_40","unstructured":"Baillie, I., Elsenbeer, H., Barthold, F., Grimm, R., and Stallard, R.F. (2007). Semi-Detailed Soil Survey of Barro Colorado Island, Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute."},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"285","DOI":"10.2307\/1939481","article-title":"Litterfall, nutrient cycling, and nutrient limitation in tropical forests","volume":"65","author":"Vitousek","year":"1984","journal-title":"Ecology"},{"key":"ref_42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"212","DOI":"10.1016\/j.geoderma.2013.10.021","article-title":"High exchangeable calcium concentrations in soils on Barro Colorado Island, Panama","volume":"217\u2013218","author":"Messmer","year":"2014","journal-title":"Geoderma"},{"key":"ref_43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Leigh, E.G. (1999). Tropical Forest Ecology: A View from Barro Colorado Island, Oxford University Press.","DOI":"10.1093\/oso\/9780195096026.001.0001"},{"key":"ref_44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"198","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1744-7429.2000.tb00462.x","article-title":"Nutrient dynamics of soil derived from different parent material on Barro Colorado Island, Panama","volume":"32","author":"Yavitt","year":"2000","journal-title":"Biotropica"},{"key":"ref_45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"567","DOI":"10.1038\/ngeo2443","article-title":"Landscape biogeochemistry reflected in shifting distributions of chemical traits in the Amazon forest canopy","volume":"8","author":"Asner","year":"2015","journal-title":"Nat. Geosci."},{"key":"ref_46","first-page":"3993","article-title":"Regional and large-scale patterns in Amazon forest structure and function are mediated by variations in soil physical and chemical properties","volume":"6","author":"Quesada","year":"2009","journal-title":"Biogeosci. Discuss."},{"key":"ref_47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Asner, G.P., and Martin, R.E. (2015). Convergent elevation trends in canopy chemical traits of tropical forests. Glob. Change Biol.","DOI":"10.1111\/gcb.13164"},{"key":"ref_48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Martin, C.C. (2008). Environmental Genomics, Humana Press. Methods in Molecular Biology.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-59745-548-0"},{"key":"ref_49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3059","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkf436","article-title":"MAFFT: A novel method for rapid multiple sequence alignment based on fast Fourier transform","volume":"30","author":"Katoh","year":"2002","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res."},{"key":"ref_50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"758","DOI":"10.1080\/10635150802429642","article-title":"A rapid bootstrap algorithm for the RAxML web servers","volume":"57","author":"Stamatakis","year":"2008","journal-title":"Syst. Biol."},{"key":"ref_51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Miller, M.A., Pfeiffer, W., and Schwartz, T. (2010, January 14). Creating the CIPRES Science Gateway for inference of large phylogenetic trees. Proceedings of the 2010 Gateway Computing Environments Workshop (GCE), New Orleans, LA, USA.","DOI":"10.1109\/GCE.2010.5676129"},{"key":"ref_52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1218","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.molbev.a025731","article-title":"A nonparametric approach to estimating divergence times in the absence of rate constancy","volume":"14","author":"Sanderson","year":"1997","journal-title":"Mol. Biol. Evol."},{"key":"ref_53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"289","DOI":"10.1093\/bioinformatics\/btg412","article-title":"APE: Analyses of phylogenetics and evolution in R language","volume":"20","author":"Paradis","year":"2004","journal-title":"Bioinformatics"},{"key":"ref_54","unstructured":"R Development Core Team (2009). R Data Import\/Export, Version 2.10.0."},{"key":"ref_55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2098","DOI":"10.1093\/bioinformatics\/btn358","article-title":"Phylocom: Software for the analysis of phylogenetic community structure and trait evolution","volume":"24","author":"Webb","year":"2008","journal-title":"Bioinformatics"},{"key":"ref_56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"85","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ecoinf.2013.03.005","article-title":"Avoiding inaccuracies in tree calibration and phylogenetic community analysis using Phylocom 4.2","volume":"15","author":"Gastauer","year":"2013","journal-title":"Ecol. Inform."},{"key":"ref_57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2211","DOI":"10.1098\/rspb.2001.1782","article-title":"Evolution of the angiosperms: Calibrating the family tree","volume":"268","author":"Savolainen","year":"2001","journal-title":"Proc. Biol. Sci."},{"key":"ref_58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"743","DOI":"10.1111\/j.2041-210X.2012.00196.x","article-title":"How to measure and test phylogenetic signal","volume":"3","author":"Lavergne","year":"2012","journal-title":"Methods Ecol. Evol."},{"key":"ref_59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"217","DOI":"10.1111\/j.2041-210X.2011.00169.x","article-title":"Phytools: An R package for phylogenetic comparative biology (and other things)","volume":"3","author":"Revell","year":"2012","journal-title":"Methods Ecol. Evol."},{"key":"ref_60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"783","DOI":"10.2307\/2408678","article-title":"Confidence limits on phylogenies: An approach using the bootstrap","volume":"39","author":"Felsenstein","year":"1985","journal-title":"Evolution"},{"key":"ref_61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"18","DOI":"10.1093\/sysbio\/41.1.18","article-title":"Procedures for the analysis of comparative data using phylogenetically independent contrasts","volume":"41","author":"Garland","year":"1992","journal-title":"Syst. Biol."},{"key":"ref_62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"375","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-8137.2010.03536.x","article-title":"Sources of variability in canopy reflectance and the convergent properties of plants","volume":"189","author":"Ollinger","year":"2011","journal-title":"New Phytol."},{"key":"ref_63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"263","DOI":"10.1016\/S0924-2716(02)00158-2","article-title":"Discriminating tropical grass (Cenchrus ciliaris) canopies grown under different nitrogen treatments using spectroradiometry","volume":"57","author":"Mutanga","year":"2003","journal-title":"ISPRS J. Photogramm. Remote Sens."},{"key":"ref_64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"207","DOI":"10.1007\/s00442-009-1291-3","article-title":"Leaf phosphorus influences the photosynthesis-nitrogen relation: A cross-biome analysis of 314 species","volume":"160","author":"Reich","year":"2009","journal-title":"Oecologia"},{"key":"ref_65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S150","DOI":"10.1890\/0012-9658(2006)87[150:TGTAHS]2.0.CO;2","article-title":"The growth-defense trade-off and habitat specialization by plants in Amazonian forests","volume":"87","author":"Fine","year":"2006","journal-title":"Ecology"},{"key":"ref_66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S143","DOI":"10.1086\/374368","article-title":"The evolution of plant functional variation: Traits, spectra, and strategies","volume":"164","author":"Reich","year":"2003","journal-title":"Int. J. Plant Sci."},{"key":"ref_67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"271","DOI":"10.1016\/0034-4257(89)90069-2","article-title":"Remote sensing of foliar chemistry","volume":"30","author":"Curran","year":"1989","journal-title":"Remote Sens. Environ."},{"key":"ref_68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5604","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1401181111","article-title":"Amazonian functional diversity from forest canopy chemical assembly","volume":"111","author":"Asner","year":"2014","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"ref_69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3258","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1558-5646.2009.00804.x","article-title":"Size-correction and principal components for interspecific comparative studies","volume":"63","author":"Revell","year":"2009","journal-title":"Evolution"}],"container-title":["Remote Sensing"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2072-4292\/8\/3\/196\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T19:19:51Z","timestamp":1760210391000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2072-4292\/8\/3\/196"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2016,2,27]]},"references-count":69,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,3]]}},"alternative-id":["rs8030196"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/rs8030196","relation":{},"ISSN":["2072-4292"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2072-4292","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2016,2,27]]}}}