{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,23]],"date-time":"2026-02-23T22:17:28Z","timestamp":1771885048961,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,3,2]],"date-time":"2016-03-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1456876800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["61402489"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["61402489"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004543","name":"China Scholarship Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["201308430177"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["201308430177"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004543","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Ph.D. Programs Foundation of the Ministry of Education of China","award":["20130161120028"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["20130161120028"]}]},{"name":"Hunan University Program of Young Teacher Development"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Remote Sensing"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The mosaicking of Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) imagery usually requires information from additional sensors, such as Global Position System (GPS) and Inertial Measurement Unit (IMU), to facilitate direct orientation, or 3D reconstruction approaches (e.g., structure-from-motion) to recover the camera poses. In this paper, we propose a novel mosaicking method for UAV imagery in which neither direct nor indirect orientation procedures are required. Inspired by the embedded deformation model, a widely used non-rigid mesh deformation model, we present a novel objective function for image mosaicking. Firstly, we construct a feature correspondence energy term that minimizes the sum of the squared distances between matched feature pairs to align the images geometrically. Secondly, we model a regularization term that constrains the image transformation parameters directly by keeping all transformations as rigid as possible to avoid global distortion in the final mosaic. Experimental results presented herein demonstrate that the accuracy of our method is twice as high as an existing (purely image-based) approach, with the associated benefits of significantly faster processing times and improved robustness with respect to reference image selection.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/rs8030204","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,3,2]],"date-time":"2016-03-02T11:20:05Z","timestamp":1456917605000},"page":"204","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":58,"title":["Mosaicking of Unmanned Aerial Vehicle Imagery in the Absence of Camera Poses"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"8","author":[{"given":"Yuhua","family":"Xu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Aerospace Science and Engineering, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha 410073, Hunan, China"}]},{"given":"Jianliang","family":"Ou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Civil Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, Hunan, China"}]},{"given":"Hu","family":"He","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, Hunan, China"}]},{"given":"Xiaohu","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Aerospace Science and Engineering, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha 410073, Hunan, China"}]},{"given":"Jon","family":"Mills","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Civil Engineering and Geosciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 7RU, UK"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,3,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"632","DOI":"10.1002\/rob.20343","article-title":"Airborne vision-based mapping and classification of large farmland environments","volume":"5","author":"Bryson","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. 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