{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,12]],"date-time":"2025-10-12T04:18:35Z","timestamp":1760242715124,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,3,16]],"date-time":"2016-03-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1458086400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"the National Natural Science Fund of China","award":["41501457"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["41501457"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Remote Sensing"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Remotely sensed land surface temperature and fractional vegetation coverage (LST\/FVC) space has been widely used in modeling and partitioning land surface evaporative fraction (EF) which is important in managing water resources. However, most of such models are based on conventional trapezoid and simply determine the wet edge as air temperature (Ta) or the lowest LST value in an image. We develop a new Two-source Model for estimating EF (TMEF) based on a two-stage trapezoid coupling with an extension of the Priestly-Taylor formula. Latent heat flux on the wet edge is calculated with the Priestly-Taylor formula, whereas that on the dry edge is set to 0. The wet and dry edges are then determined by solving radiation budget and energy balance equations. The model was evaluated by comparing with other two models that based on conventional trapezoid (i.e., the Two-source Trapezoid Model for Evapotranspiration (TTME) and a One-source Trapezoid model for EF (OTEF)) in how well they simulate and partition EF using MODIS products and field observations from HiWATER-MUSOEXE in 2012. Results show that the TMEF outperforms the other two models, where EF mean absolute relative deviations are 9.57% (TMEF), 15.03% (TTME), and 30.49% (OTEF).<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/rs8030248","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,3,16]],"date-time":"2016-03-16T11:26:45Z","timestamp":1458127605000},"page":"248","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":24,"title":["A Two-Source Model for Estimating Evaporative Fraction (TMEF) Coupling Priestley-Taylor Formula and Two-Stage Trapezoid"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"8","author":[{"given":"Hao","family":"Sun","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Geoscience and Surveying Engineering, China University of Mining and Technology, Beijing 100083, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,3,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"512","DOI":"10.1016\/j.advwatres.2011.01.006","article-title":"Estimating evapotranspiration fraction by modeling two-dimensional space of NDVI\/albedo and day-night land surface temperature difference: A comparative study","volume":"34","author":"Yang","year":"2011","journal-title":"Adv. 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