{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,3]],"date-time":"2026-03-03T03:20:02Z","timestamp":1772508002804,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":44,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,3,29]],"date-time":"2016-03-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1459209600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Remote Sensing"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The Great Lakes Surface Temperature (GLST) is the key to understanding the effects of climate change on the Great Lakes (GL). This study provides the first techniques to retrieve pixel-based GLST under all sky conditions by merging skin temperature derived from the MODIS Land Surface Temperature (MOD11L2) and the MODIS Cloud product (MOD06L2) from 6 July 2001 to 31 December 2014, resulting in 18,807 scenes in total 9373 (9434) scenes for MOD11L2 (MOD06L2). The pixel-based GLST under all sky conditions was well-correlated with the in situ observations (R2 = 0.9102) with a cool bias of \u22121.10 \u00b0C and a root mean square error (RMSE) of 1.39 \u00b0C. The study also presents the long-term trends of GLST. Contrary to expectations, it decreased slightly due to the impact of an anomalously cold winter in 2013\u20132014.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/rs8040286","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,3,29]],"date-time":"2016-03-29T16:00:28Z","timestamp":1459267228000},"page":"286","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":35,"title":["Remote Sensing of the North American Laurentian Great Lakes\u2019 Surface Temperature"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"8","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4054-4670","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sitthisak","family":"Moukomla","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Geo-Informatics and Space Technology Development Agency (GISTDA) 120 The Government Complex Building B, Chaeng Wattana Road, Lak Si Bangkok 10210, Thailand"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7405-2220","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Peter","family":"Blanken","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Geography, University of Colorado, 260 UCB Boulder, Denver, CO 80309, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,3,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Austin, J.A., and Colman, S.M. 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