{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,9]],"date-time":"2026-04-09T00:24:19Z","timestamp":1775694259286,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":10,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,5,11]],"date-time":"2016-05-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1462924800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Remote Sensing"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Land monitoring using temporal series of Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) images requires radiometrically well calibrated sensors. In this paper, the radiometric stability of the new SAR Sentinel-1A \u201cS-1A\u201d sensor was first assessed by analyzing temporal variations of the backscattering coefficient (\u03c3\u00b0) returned from invariant targets. Second, the radiometric level of invariant targets was compared from S-1A and Radarsat-2 \u201cRS-2\u201d data. The results show three stable sub-time series of S-1A data. The first (between 1 October 2014 and 19 March 2015) and third (between 25 November 2015 and 1 February 2016) sub-time series have almost the same mean \u03c3\u00b0-values (a difference lower than 0.3 dB). The mean \u03c3\u00b0-value of the second sub-time series (between 19 March 2015 and 25 November 2015) is higher than that of the first and the third sub-time series by roughly 0.9 dB. Moreover, our results show that the stability of each sub-time series is better than 0.48 dB. In addition, the results show that S-1A images of the first and third sub-time series appear to be well calibrated in comparison to RS-2 data, with a difference between S-1A and RS-2 lower than 0.3 dB. However, the S-1A images of the second sub-time series have \u03c3\u00b0-values that are higher than those from RS-2 by roughly 1 dB.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/rs8050406","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,5,11]],"date-time":"2016-05-11T10:53:59Z","timestamp":1462964039000},"page":"406","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":39,"title":["Analysis of Sentinel-1 Radiometric Stability and Quality for Land Surface Applications"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"8","author":[{"given":"Mohammad","family":"El Hajj","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"IRSTEA, UMR TETIS, 500 rue Fran\u00e7ois Breton, 34093 Montpellier cedex 5, France"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9461-4120","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nicolas","family":"Baghdadi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"IRSTEA, UMR TETIS, 500 rue Fran\u00e7ois Breton, 34093 Montpellier cedex 5, France"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6141-8222","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mehrez","family":"Zribi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CNRS, CESBIO, 18 av. Edouard Belin, bpi 2801, 31401 Toulouse cedex 9, France"}]},{"given":"S\u00e9bastien","family":"Angelliaume","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"ONERA, BA 701 13661 Salon Cedex AIR, 13661 Salon-de-Provence, France"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,5,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"448","DOI":"10.1109\/LGRS.2014.2342733","article-title":"Signal level comparison between TerraSAR-X and COSMO-SkyMed SAR sensors","volume":"12","author":"Baghdadi","year":"2015","journal-title":"IEEE Geosci. Remote Sens. Lett."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4653","DOI":"10.1080\/01431160801894865","article-title":"Assessment of the ASAR sensor radiometric quality in comparison to ERS-2 and RADARSAT-1 SAR data","volume":"29","author":"Baghdadi","year":"2008","journal-title":"Int. J. Remote Sens."},{"key":"ref_3","unstructured":"Miranda, N. (2015). Sentinel-1 Instrument Processing Facility: Impact of the Elevation Antenna Pattern Phase Compensation on the Interferometric Phase Preservation, European Space Agency."},{"key":"ref_4","unstructured":"Miranda, N. (2015). Sentinel-1A TOPS Radiometric Calibration Refinement, European Space Agency."},{"key":"ref_5","unstructured":"SENTINEL-1 Toolbox. Available online: https:\/\/sentinel.esa.int\/web\/sentinel\/toolboxes\/sentinel-1\/."},{"key":"ref_6","unstructured":"Polsarpro Software. Available online: http:\/\/earth.eo.esa.int\/polsarpro\/."},{"key":"ref_7","unstructured":"MapReady Software. Available online: https:\/\/www.asf.alaska.edu\/data-tools\/mapready\/."},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Geudtner, D., Torres, R., Snoeij, P., Davidson, M., and Rommen, B. (2014, January 13\u201318). Sentinel-1 System capabilities and applications. Proceedings of the 2014 IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium (IGARSS), Quebec, QC, Canada.","DOI":"10.1109\/IGARSS.2014.6946711"},{"key":"ref_9","unstructured":"Miranda, N., Rosich, B., Meadows, P.J., Haria, K., Small, D., Schubert, A., Lavalle, M., Collard, F., Johnsen, H., and Guarnieri, A.M. (2013). The EnviSAT ASAR Mission: A Look Back At 10 Years of Operation, European Space Agency Special Publication."},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hawkins, R., Attema, E., Crapolicchio, R., Lecomte, P., Closa, J., Meadows, P.J., and Srivastava, S.K. (1999, January 26\u201329). Stability of Amazon Backscatter at C-Band: Spaceborne Results from ERS-1\/2 and RADARSAT-1. Proceedings of the SAR Workshop: CEOS Committee on Earth Observation Satellites, Toulouse, France.","DOI":"10.4095\/219593"}],"container-title":["Remote Sensing"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2072-4292\/8\/5\/406\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T19:23:40Z","timestamp":1760210620000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2072-4292\/8\/5\/406"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2016,5,11]]},"references-count":10,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,5]]}},"alternative-id":["rs8050406"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/rs8050406","relation":{},"ISSN":["2072-4292"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2072-4292","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2016,5,11]]}}}