{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,13]],"date-time":"2026-01-13T21:08:20Z","timestamp":1768338500556,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":62,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,7,7]],"date-time":"2016-07-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1467849600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000001","name":"National Science Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["IOS-1146751"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["IOS-1146751"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000001","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000001","name":"National Science Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["DEB-1251441"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["DEB-1251441"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000001","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000001","name":"National Science Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["DMS-1520873"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["DMS-1520873"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000001","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000001","name":"National Science Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["IIA-1301792"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["IIA-1301792"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000001","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"NASA","award":["NNX11AO24G"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NNX11AO24G"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Remote Sensing"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Fire activity, in terms of intensity, frequency, and total area burned, is expected to increase with a changing climate. A challenge for landscape-level assessment of \ufb01re effects, often termed burn severity, is that current remote sensing assessments provide very little information regarding tree\/vegetation physiological performance and recovery, limiting our understanding of \ufb01re effects on ecosystem services such as carbon storage\/cycling. In this paper, we evaluated whether spectral indices common in vegetation stress and burn severity assessments could accurately quantify post-fire physiological performance (indicated by net photosynthesis and crown scorch) of two seedling species, Larix occidentalis and Pinus contorta. Seedlings were subjected to increasing \ufb01re radiative energy density (FRED) doses through a series of controlled laboratory surface \ufb01res. Mortality, physiology, and spectral re\ufb02ectance were assessed for a month following the \ufb01res, and then again at one year post-\ufb01re. The differenced Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (dNDVI) spectral index outperformed other spectral indices used for vegetation stress and burn severity characterization in regard to leaf net photosynthesis quanti\ufb01cation, indicating that landscape-level quanti\ufb01cation of tree physiology may be possible. Additionally, the survival of the majority of seedlings in the low and moderate FRED doses indicates that \ufb01re-induced mortality is more complex than the currently accepted binary scenario, where trees survive with no impacts below a certain temperature and duration threshold, and mortality occurs above the threshold.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/rs8070572","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,7,7]],"date-time":"2016-07-07T09:49:06Z","timestamp":1467884946000},"page":"572","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":39,"title":["Spectral Indices Accurately Quantify Changes in Seedling Physiology Following Fire: Towards Mechanistic Assessments of Post-Fire Carbon Cycling"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"8","author":[{"given":"Aaron","family":"Sparks","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Natural Resources, University of Idaho, Moscow, ID 83844, USA"},{"name":"Idaho Fire Initiative for Research and Education (IFIRE), University of Idaho, Moscow, ID 83844, USA"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7093-4552","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Crystal","family":"Kolden","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Natural Resources, University of Idaho, Moscow, ID 83844, USA"},{"name":"Idaho Fire Initiative for Research and Education (IFIRE), University of Idaho, Moscow, ID 83844, USA"}]},{"given":"Alan","family":"Talhelm","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Oak Ridge Institute for Science Education, National Center for Environmental Assessment, US Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC 277094, USA"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0071-9958","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alistair","family":"Smith","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Natural Resources, University of Idaho, Moscow, ID 83844, USA"},{"name":"Idaho Fire Initiative for Research and Education (IFIRE), University of Idaho, Moscow, ID 83844, USA"}]},{"given":"Kent","family":"Apostol","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, University of Arizona, Payson, AZ 85541, USA"}]},{"given":"Daniel","family":"Johnson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Natural Resources, University of Idaho, Moscow, ID 83844, USA"}]},{"given":"Luigi","family":"Boschetti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Natural Resources, University of Idaho, Moscow, ID 83844, USA"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,7,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3423","DOI":"10.5194\/acp-6-3423-2006","article-title":"Inter-annual variability in global biomass burning emissions from 1997 to 2004","volume":"6","author":"Randerson","year":"2006","journal-title":"Atmos. 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