{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,2]],"date-time":"2026-04-02T20:03:18Z","timestamp":1775160198942,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,9,20]],"date-time":"2016-09-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1474329600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"National Natural scienceFoundation of China","award":["61327805"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["61327805"]}]},{"name":"ShaanxiTechnology Committee","award":["2016KJXX-03"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2016KJXX-03"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Remote Sensing"],"abstract":"<jats:p>This paper investigated the feasibility for improved detection of human respiration using data fusion based on a multistatic ultra-wideband (UWB) radar. UWB-radar-based respiration detection is an emerging technology that has great promise in practice. It can be applied to remotely sense the presence of a human target for through-wall surveillance, post-earthquake search and rescue, etc. In these applications, a human target\u2019s position and posture are not known a priori. Uncertainty of the two factors results in a body orientation issue of UWB radar, namely the human target\u2019s thorax is not always facing the radar. Thus, the radial component of the thorax motion due to respiration decreases and the respiratory motion response contained in UWB radar echoes is too weak to be detected. To cope with the issue, this paper used multisensory information provided by the multistatic UWB radar, which took the form of impulse radios and comprised one transmitting and four separated receiving antennas. An adaptive Kalman filtering algorithm was then designed to fuse the UWB echo data from all the receiving channels to detect the respiratory-motion response contained in those data. In the experiment, a volunteer\u2019s respiration was correctly detected when he curled upon a camp bed behind a brick wall. Under the same scenario, the volunteer\u2019s respiration was detected based on the radar\u2019s single transmitting-receiving channels without data fusion using conventional algorithm, such as adaptive line enhancer and single-channel Kalman filtering. Moreover, performance of the data fusion algorithm was experimentally investigated with different channel combinations and antenna deployments. The experimental results show that the body orientation issue for human respiration detection via UWB radar can be dealt well with the multistatic UWB radar and the Kalman-filter-based data fusion, which can be applied to improve performance of UWB radar in real applications.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/rs8090773","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,9,20]],"date-time":"2016-09-20T10:21:45Z","timestamp":1474366905000},"page":"773","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":32,"title":["Improved Detection of Human Respiration Using Data Fusion Basedon a Multistatic UWB Radar"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"8","author":[{"given":"Hao","family":"Lv","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Electronics, School of Biomedical Engineering, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi\u2019an 710032, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Fugui","family":"Qi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Electronics, School of Biomedical Engineering, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi\u2019an 710032, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8540-1254","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yang","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Electronics, School of Biomedical Engineering, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi\u2019an 710032, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Teng","family":"Jiao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Electronics, School of Biomedical Engineering, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi\u2019an 710032, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Fulai","family":"Liang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Electronics, School of Biomedical Engineering, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi\u2019an 710032, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Zhao","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Electronics, School of Biomedical Engineering, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi\u2019an 710032, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jianqi","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Electronics, School of Biomedical Engineering, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi\u2019an 710032, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,9,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1109\/MAES.2005.1453804","article-title":"Short-distance ultra-wideband radars","volume":"6","author":"Immoreev","year":"2005","journal-title":"IEEE Aerosp. 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