{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,3]],"date-time":"2026-04-03T14:19:01Z","timestamp":1775225941452,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":47,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,9,27]],"date-time":"2016-09-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1474934400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"AGH University","award":["No. 15.11.150.404"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["No. 15.11.150.404"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Remote Sensing"],"abstract":"<jats:p>This paper presents a new method for detecting, locating and classifying overhead contact systems (catenary systems) in point clouds collected by mobile mapping systems (MMS) on rail roads. Contrary to many other application types, railway embankments are highly regulated and standardized. Railway infrastructure geometric relations remain roughly unchanged within established regions and have similarities between them. The newly-developed method exploits both these characteristics, as well as the survey process. There are several steps in this approach. Firstly, it restricts the search for catenaries relative to the distance to registered MMS trajectory, then finds possible support structures according to the density of points above the track. Subsequently, the method verifies the structures\u2019 presence and classifies the points with the use of the RANSAC algorithm. It establishes the presence of cantilevers, as well as poles or structural beams, depending on the type of detected support structure. The method also determines the coordinates of the identified object on the ground. Finally, a classification is clarified with the use of a modified DBSCAN algorithm. The design method has been verified with data collected in four surveys where the cumulative length of the route was almost 90 km. Over 97% of support structures were correctly detected, and out of these, over 95% were completely classified.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/rs8100801","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,9,27]],"date-time":"2016-09-27T10:14:11Z","timestamp":1474971251000},"page":"801","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":33,"title":["Catenary System Detection, Localization and Classification Using Mobile Scanning Data"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"8","author":[{"given":"El\u017cbieta","family":"Pastucha","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Geoinformation, Photogrammetry and Environmental Remote Sensing, AGH University of Science and Technology, Al. A.Mickiewicza 30, 30-059 Krak\u00f3w, Poland"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,9,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.isprsjprs.2011.10.002","article-title":"Parameter-free ground filtering of LiDAR data for automatic DTM generation","volume":"67","author":"Mongus","year":"2012","journal-title":"ISPRS J. Photogramm. Remote Sens."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"117","DOI":"10.1016\/j.isprsjprs.2008.09.001","article-title":"A multi-directional ground filtering algorithm for airborne LiDAR","volume":"64","author":"Meng","year":"2009","journal-title":"ISPRS J. Photogramm. Remote Sens."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"214","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1467-8659.2007.01016.x","article-title":"Efficient RANSAC for point-cloud shape detection","volume":"26","author":"Schnabel","year":"2007","journal-title":"Comput. Graph. 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