{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,24]],"date-time":"2026-03-24T01:39:52Z","timestamp":1774316392701,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,10,7]],"date-time":"2016-10-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1475798400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100010751","name":"FONDECYT","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["11130601"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["11130601"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100010751","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Remote Sensing"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Aerial and terrestrial thermography has become a practical tool to determine water stress conditions in vineyards. However, for proper use of this technique it is necessary to consider vine architecture (canopy zone analysis) and image thresholding approaches (determination of the upper and lower baseline temperature values). During the 2014\u20132015 growing season, an experimental study under different water conditions (slight, mild, moderate, and severe water stress) was carried out in a commercial vineyard (Vitis vinifera L., cv. Carm\u00e9n\u00e8). In this study thermal images were obtained from different canopy zones by using both aerial (&gt;60 m height) and ground-based (sunlit, shadow and nadir views) thermography. Using customized code that was written specifically for this research, three different thresholding approaches were applied to each image: (i) the standard deviation technique (SDT); (ii) the energy balance technique (EBT); and (iii) the field reference temperature technique (FRT). Results obtained from three different approaches showed that the EBT had the best performance. The EBT was able to discriminate over 95% of the leaf material, while SDT and FRT were able to detect around 70% and 40% of the leaf material, respectively. In the case of canopy zone analysis, ground-based nadir images presented the best correlations with stomatal conductance (gs) and stem water potential (\u03a8stem), reaching determination coefficients (r2) of 0.73 and 0.82, respectively. The best relationships between thermal indices and plant-based variables were registered during the period of maximum atmospheric demand (near veraison) with significant correlations for all methods.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/rs8100822","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,10,10]],"date-time":"2016-10-10T10:35:19Z","timestamp":1476095719000},"page":"822","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":77,"title":["Selecting Canopy Zones and Thresholding Approaches to Assess Grapevine Water Status by Using Aerial and Ground-Based Thermal Imaging"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"8","author":[{"given":"Daniel","family":"Sep\u00falveda-Reyes","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias, CITRA, Universidad de Talca, Av. Lircay S\/N, Talca 3460000, Chile"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4557-4342","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Benjamin","family":"Ingram","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Facultad de Ingenier\u00eda, Universidad de Talca, Curic\u00f3 3340000, Chile"},{"name":"Research Program on Adaptation of agriculture to climate change (A2C2), Universidad de Talca, Talca 3460000, Chile"}]},{"given":"Matthew","family":"Bardeen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Facultad de Ingenier\u00eda, Universidad de Talca, Curic\u00f3 3340000, Chile"},{"name":"Research Program on Adaptation of agriculture to climate change (A2C2), Universidad de Talca, Talca 3460000, Chile"}]},{"given":"Mauricio","family":"Z\u00fa\u00f1iga","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias, CITRA, Universidad de Talca, Av. Lircay S\/N, Talca 3460000, Chile"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7850-5410","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Samuel","family":"Ortega-Far\u00edas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias, CITRA, Universidad de Talca, Av. Lircay S\/N, Talca 3460000, Chile"},{"name":"Research Program on Adaptation of agriculture to climate change (A2C2), Universidad de Talca, Talca 3460000, Chile"}]},{"given":"Carlos","family":"Poblete-Echeverr\u00eda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Escuela de Agronom\u00eda, Pontificia Universidad Cat\u00f3lica de Valpara\u00edso, Quillota 2260000, Chile"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,10,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2427","DOI":"10.1093\/jxb\/erh213","article-title":"Irrigation scheduling: Advantages and pitfalls of plant-based methods","volume":"55","author":"Jones","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Exp. 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