{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,5]],"date-time":"2026-01-05T15:13:37Z","timestamp":1767626017817,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":76,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,10,21]],"date-time":"2016-10-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1477008000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000844","name":"European Space Agency","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["4000111132\/14\/I-AM"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["4000111132\/14\/I-AM"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000844","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003406","name":"Tekes","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["40209\/10"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["40209\/10"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003406","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"SEP-PROMEP"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Remote Sensing"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Due to the high cost of traditional forest plot measurements, the availability of up-to-date in situ forest inventory data has been a bottleneck for remote sensing image analysis in support of the important global forest biomass mapping. Capitalizing on the proliferation of smartphones, citizen science is a promising approach to increase spatial and temporal coverages of in situ forest observations in a cost-effective way. Digital cameras can be used as a relascope device to measure basal area, a forest density variable that is closely related to biomass. In this paper, we present the Relasphone mobile application with extensive accuracy assessment in two mixed forest sites from different biomes. Basal area measurements in Finland (boreal zone) were in good agreement with reference forest inventory plot data on pine (     R 2  = 0 . 75    ,     R M S E = 5 . 33     m     2    \/ha), spruce (     R 2  = 0 . 75 , R M S E = 6 . 73     m     2    \/ha) and birch (     R 2  = 0 . 71 , R M S E = 4 . 98     m     2    \/ha), with total relative     R M S E ( % ) = 29 . 66 %    . In Durango, Mexico (temperate zone), Relasphone stem volume measurements were best for pine (     R 2  = 0 . 88    ,     R M S E = 32 . 46     m     3    \/ha) and total stem volume (     R 2  = 0 . 87    ,     R M S E = 35 . 21     m     3    \/ha). Relasphone data were then successfully utilized as the only reference data in combination with optical satellite images to produce biomass maps. The Relasphone concept has been validated for future use by citizens in other locations.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/rs8100869","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,10,21]],"date-time":"2016-10-21T10:15:16Z","timestamp":1477044916000},"page":"869","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":37,"title":["Relasphone\u2014Mobile and Participative In Situ Forest Biomass Measurements Supporting Satellite Image Mapping"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"8","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2656-001X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Matthieu","family":"Molinier","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Remote sensing team, VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland Ltd., PL 1000, FI-02044 Espoo, Finland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5135-5739","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Carlos","family":"L\u00f3pez-S\u00e1nchez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto de Silvicultura e Industria de la Madera, Universidad Ju\u00e1rez del Estado de Durango, Bld. del Guadiana 501, Ciudad Universitaria, Torre de Investigaci\u00f3n, 34120 Durango, Mexico"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Timo","family":"Toivanen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Remote sensing team, VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland Ltd., PL 1000, FI-02044 Espoo, Finland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ilkka","family":"Korpela","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Forest Sciences, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 27, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2851-7517","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jos\u00e9","family":"Corral-Rivas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto de Silvicultura e Industria de la Madera, Universidad Ju\u00e1rez del Estado de Durango, Bld. del Guadiana 501, Ciudad Universitaria, Torre de Investigaci\u00f3n, 34120 Durango, Mexico"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Renne","family":"Tergujeff","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Remote sensing team, VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland Ltd., PL 1000, FI-02044 Espoo, Finland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tuomas","family":"H\u00e4me","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Remote sensing team, VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland Ltd., PL 1000, FI-02044 Espoo, Finland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,10,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"491","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1467-8306.2006.00702.x","article-title":"Public participation geographic information systems: A literature review and framework","volume":"96","author":"Sieber","year":"2006","journal-title":"Ann. Assoc. Am. Geogr."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"211","DOI":"10.1007\/s10708-007-9111-y","article-title":"Citizens as sensors: The world of volunteered geography","volume":"69","author":"Goodchild","year":"2007","journal-title":"GeoJournal"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"550","DOI":"10.1016\/j.isprsjprs.2010.06.005","article-title":"Crowdsourcing geospatial data","volume":"65","author":"Heipke","year":"2010","journal-title":"ISPRS J. Photogramm. Remote Sens."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"571","DOI":"10.1080\/00045608.2011.595657","article-title":"Researching volunteered geographic information: Spatial data, geographic research, and new social practice","volume":"102","author":"Elwood","year":"2012","journal-title":"Ann. Assoc. Am. Geogr."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.3390\/ijgi5050055","article-title":"Crowdsourcing, citizen science or volunteered geographic information? The current state of crowdsourced geographic information","volume":"5","author":"See","year":"2016","journal-title":"ISPRS Int. J. Geo-Inf."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"467","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tree.2009.03.017","article-title":"A new dawn for citizen science","volume":"24","author":"Silvertown","year":"2009","journal-title":"Trends Ecol. Evol."},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12","DOI":"10.1109\/MIC.2010.12","article-title":"Participatory sensing: Applications and architecture","volume":"14","author":"Estrin","year":"2010","journal-title":"IEEE Int. Comput."},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"402","DOI":"10.1109\/SURV.2012.031412.00077","article-title":"Mobile phone sensing systems: A survey","volume":"15","author":"Khan","year":"2013","journal-title":"IEEE Commun. Surv. Tutor."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"149","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-ecolsys-102209-144636","article-title":"Citizen science as an ecological research tool: Challenges and benefits","volume":"41","author":"Dickinson","year":"2010","journal-title":"Ann. Rev. Ecol. Evol. Syst."},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"273","DOI":"10.1007\/s10661-010-1582-5","article-title":"A review of citizen science and community-based environmental monitoring: issues and opportunities","volume":"176","author":"Conrad","year":"2011","journal-title":"Environ. Monit. Assess."},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"339","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cageo.2012.09.009","article-title":"A review of earth observation using mobile personal communication devices","volume":"51","author":"Ferster","year":"2013","journal-title":"Comput. Geosci."},{"key":"ref_12","first-page":"37","article-title":"Using control data to determine the reliability of volunteered geographic information about land cover","volume":"23","author":"Comber","year":"2013","journal-title":"Int. J. Appl. Earth Obs. Geoinf."},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1269","DOI":"10.1080\/13658816.2015.1018266","article-title":"Usability of VGI for validation of land cover maps","volume":"29","author":"Fonte","year":"2015","journal-title":"Int. J. Geogr. Inf. Sci."},{"key":"ref_14","first-page":"168","article-title":"Satellite data: Beyond sharing earth observations","volume":"514","author":"See","year":"2014","journal-title":"Nat. Corresp."},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"345","DOI":"10.3390\/rs1030345","article-title":"Geo-Wiki.Org: The use of crowdsourcing to improve global land cover","volume":"1","author":"Fritz","year":"2009","journal-title":"Remote Sens."},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"110","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envsoft.2011.11.015","article-title":"Geo-Wiki: An online platform for improving global land cover","volume":"31","author":"Fritz","year":"2012","journal-title":"Environ. Model. Softw."},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"208","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rse.2015.02.011","article-title":"Development of a global hybrid forest mask through the synergy of remote sensing, crowdsourcing and FAO statistics","volume":"162","author":"Schepaschenko","year":"2015","journal-title":"Remote Sens. Environ."},{"key":"ref_18","first-page":"77","article-title":"Tropical forest monitoring, combining satellite and social data, to inform management and livelihood implications: Case studies from Indonesian West Timor","volume":"16","author":"Fisher","year":"2012","journal-title":"Int. J. Appl. Earth Obs. Geoinf."},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"171","DOI":"10.1080\/17538947.2014.1002865","article-title":"Integrating volunteered smartphone data with multispectral remote sensing to estimate forest fuels","volume":"9","author":"Ferster","year":"2016","journal-title":"Int. J. Digit. Earth"},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0147121","article-title":"Characterizing forest change using community-based monitoring data and landsat time series","volume":"11","author":"DeVries","year":"2016","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"91","DOI":"10.4155\/cmt.12.75","article-title":"Linking community-based and national REDD+ monitoring: A review of the potential","volume":"4","author":"Pratihast","year":"2013","journal-title":"Carbon Manag."},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.3390\/s130100021","article-title":"Mobile devices for community-based REDD+ monitoring: A case study for central vietnam","volume":"13","author":"Pratihast","year":"2013","journal-title":"Sensors"},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2464","DOI":"10.3390\/f5102464","article-title":"Combining satellite data and community-based observations for forest monitoring","volume":"5","author":"Pratihast","year":"2014","journal-title":"Forests"},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1305","DOI":"10.1109\/JSTARS.2013.2250257","article-title":"Using volunteered data in land cover map validation: Mapping west African forests","volume":"6","author":"Foody","year":"2013","journal-title":"IEEE J. Sel. Top. Appl. Earth Obs. Remote Sens."},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2023","DOI":"10.1007\/s10531-007-9273-4","article-title":"Participatory forest monitoring: An assessment of the accuracy of simple cost-effective methods","volume":"17","author":"Holck","year":"2008","journal-title":"Biodivers. Conserv."},{"key":"ref_26","unstructured":"Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) of the United Nations (2016). Global Forest Resources Assessment 2015 (FRA 2015): How Are the World\u2019s Forests Changing?, Food and Agriculture Organization. [2nd ed.]. Available online: http:\/\/www.fao.org\/3\/a-i4793e.pdf."},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"141","DOI":"10.2747\/1548-1603.48.2.141","article-title":"A review of remote sensing of forest biomass and biofuel: Options for small-area applications","volume":"48","author":"Gleason","year":"2011","journal-title":"GISci. Remote Sens."},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1011","DOI":"10.1126\/science.320.5879.1011a","article-title":"Free access to landsat imagery","volume":"320","author":"Woodcock","year":"2008","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"ref_29","unstructured":"Penman, J., Baltuck, M., Green, C., Olofsson, P., Raison, J., and Woodcock, C. (2014). Integrating Remote-Sensing and Ground-Based Observations for Estimation of Emissions and Removals of Greenhouse Gases in Forests: Methods and Guidance from the Global Forest Observations Initiative, Global Forest Observations Initiative (GFOI). [1st ed.]."},{"key":"ref_30","first-page":"881","article-title":"Biomass estimation methods for tropical forests with applications to forest inventory data","volume":"35","author":"Brown","year":"1989","journal-title":"For. Sci."},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"439","DOI":"10.1126\/science.282.5388.439","article-title":"Changes in the carbon balance of tropical forests: Evidence from long-term plots","volume":"282","author":"Phillips","year":"1998","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"ref_32","first-page":"4","article-title":"Die Winkelz\u00e4hlprobe","volume":"59","author":"Bitterlich","year":"1948","journal-title":"Allg. Forst-und Holzwirt. Zeitung."},{"key":"ref_33","unstructured":"Bitterlich, W. (1984). The Relascope Idea: Relative Measurements in Forestry, Commonwealth Agricultural Bureaux."},{"key":"ref_34","first-page":"570","article-title":"A Review of past research on dendrometers","volume":"46","author":"Clark","year":"2000","journal-title":"For. Sci."},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1579","DOI":"10.1080\/01431160701736406","article-title":"Automatic forest inventory parameter determination from terrestrial laser scanner data","volume":"29","author":"Maas","year":"2008","journal-title":"Int. J. Remote Sens."},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"219","DOI":"10.14358\/PERS.77.3.219","article-title":"Automatic methods for measuring DBH and tree heights with a commercial scanning laser","volume":"77","author":"Huang","year":"2011","journal-title":"Photogramm. Eng. Remote Sens."},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"46","DOI":"10.1016\/j.isprsjprs.2010.08.006","article-title":"Measuring tree stem diameters using intensity profiles from ground-based scanning LiDAR from a fixed viewpoint","volume":"66","author":"Lovell","year":"2011","journal-title":"ISPRS J. Photogramm. Remote Sens."},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"181","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foreco.2004.09.020","article-title":"Evaluation of the laser-relascope","volume":"204","author":"Kalliovirta","year":"2005","journal-title":"For. Ecol. Manag."},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S426","DOI":"10.5589\/m08-046","article-title":"Retrieval of forest structural parameters using a ground-based LiDAR instrument (Echidna\u00ae)","volume":"34","author":"Strahler","year":"2008","journal-title":"Can. J. Remote Sens."},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2965","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rse.2010.03.019","article-title":"Measuring forest structure and biomass in New England forest stands using Echidna ground-based LiDAR","volume":"115","author":"Yao","year":"2011","journal-title":"Remote Sens. Environ."},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"123","DOI":"10.3390\/rs8020123","article-title":"Accuracy of reconstruction of the tree stem surface using terrestrial close-range photogrammetry","volume":"8","author":"Yoshimoto","year":"2016","journal-title":"Remote Sens."},{"key":"ref_42","first-page":"249","article-title":"A community-based urban forest inventory using online mapping services and consumer-grade digital images","volume":"12","author":"Thornhill","year":"2010","journal-title":"Int. J. Appl. Earth Obs. Geoinf."},{"key":"ref_43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"936","DOI":"10.1890\/11-2059.1","article-title":"Quantifying the sampling error in tree census measurements by volunteers and its effect on carbon stock estimates","volume":"23","author":"Butt","year":"2013","journal-title":"Ecol. Appl."},{"key":"ref_44","unstructured":"H\u00e4me, T., Korpela, I., Hovi, A., Hippi, I., Rasinm\u00e4ki, J., Molinier, M., and Andersson, K. (2010, January 4\u20135). Social Forest Planning. Proceddings of Finnish Remote Sensing Days, Espoo, Finland."},{"key":"ref_45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Molinier, M., Andersson, K., and H\u00e4me, T. (2011, January 24\u201329). Automatic tree stem delineation supporting forest inventory. Proceedings of the IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium Vancouver, BC, Canada.","DOI":"10.1109\/IGARSS.2011.6129458"},{"key":"ref_46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1179","DOI":"10.3390\/f6041179","article-title":"Evaluation of a smartphone app for forest sample plot measurements","volume":"6","author":"Vastaranta","year":"2015","journal-title":"Forests"},{"key":"ref_47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Molinier, M., H\u00e4me, T., Toivanen, T., Andersson, K., and Mutanen, T. (2014, January 13\u201318). Relasphone\u2014Mobile phone and interactive applications to collect ground reference biomass data for satellite image analysis. Proceedings of the IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium (IGARSS), Qu\u00e9bec, QC, Canada.","DOI":"10.1109\/IGARSS.2014.6946554"},{"key":"ref_48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Molinier, M., Toivanen, T., H\u00e4me, T., L\u00f3pez-S\u00e1nchez, C.A., Corral-Rivas, J.J., and Vega, D. (2015, January 26\u201331). Participative forest in situ measurements for biomass mapping in satellite images over Durango State, Mexico. Proceedings of the IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium (IGARSS), Milan, Italy.","DOI":"10.1109\/IGARSS.2015.7327054"},{"key":"ref_49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2062","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rse.2011.04.008","article-title":"Variation and directional anisotropy of reflectance at the crown scale\u2014Implications for tree species classification in digital aerial images","volume":"115","author":"Korpela","year":"2011","journal-title":"Remote Sens. Environ."},{"key":"ref_50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"92","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rse.2011.12.011","article-title":"Understory trees in airborne LiDAR data-Selective mapping due to transmission losses and echo-triggering mechanisms","volume":"119","author":"Korpela","year":"2012","journal-title":"Remote Sens. Environ."},{"key":"ref_51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3020","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rse.2011.06.005","article-title":"Seasonal reflectance dynamics of common understory types in a northern European boreal forest","volume":"115","author":"Rautiainen","year":"2011","journal-title":"Remote Sens. Environ."},{"key":"ref_52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"319","DOI":"10.14214\/sf.156","article-title":"Tree species classification using airborne LiDAR\u2014Effects of stand and tree parameters, downsizing of training set, intensity normalization, and sensor type","volume":"44","author":"Korpela","year":"2010","journal-title":"Silva Fennica"},{"key":"ref_53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"464","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rse.2011.09.012","article-title":"Retrieval of seasonal dynamics of forest understory reflectance in a Northern European boreal forest from MODIS BRDF data","volume":"117","author":"Pisek","year":"2012","journal-title":"Remote Sens. Environ."},{"key":"ref_54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"457","DOI":"10.14214\/sf.283","article-title":"Mapping forest plots: An efficient method combining photogrammetry and field triangulation","volume":"41","author":"Korpela","year":"2007","journal-title":"Silva Fennica"},{"key":"ref_55","first-page":"1","article-title":"Forest types and their significance","volume":"56","author":"Cajander","year":"1949","journal-title":"Acta For. Fennica"},{"key":"ref_56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"547","DOI":"10.1139\/x99-021","article-title":"Point accuracy of combined pseudorange and carrier phase differential GPS under forest canopy","volume":"29","year":"1999","journal-title":"Can. J. For. Res."},{"key":"ref_57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1047","DOI":"10.5424\/sjar\/2010084-1242","article-title":"Accuracy and precision of GPS receivers under forest canopies in a mountainous environment [Exactitud y precisio\u0144n de receptores GPS bajo cubiertas forestales en ambientes monta\u00f1osos]","volume":"8","author":"Valbuena","year":"2010","journal-title":"Span. J. Agric. Res."},{"key":"ref_58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"381","DOI":"10.1017\/S0373463311000051","article-title":"Positional accuracy of assisted GPS data from high-sensitivity GPS-enabled mobile phones","volume":"64","author":"Zandbergen","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Navig."},{"key":"ref_59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"123","DOI":"10.1080\/01431169408954055","article-title":"SMAC: A simplified method for the atmospheric correction of satellite measurements in the solar spectrum","volume":"15","author":"Rahman","year":"1994","journal-title":"Int. J. Remote Sens."},{"key":"ref_60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"70","DOI":"10.3390\/f7030070","article-title":"Geospatial estimation of above ground forest biomass in the Sierra Madre Occidental in the state of Durango, Mexico","volume":"7","year":"2016","journal-title":"Forests"},{"key":"ref_61","unstructured":"Corral-Rivas, J.J., Vargas, B., Wehenkel, C., Aguirre, O., \u00c1lvarez, J., and Rojo, A. (2009). Gu\u00eda para el Establecimiento de Sitios de Inventario Peri\u00f3dico Forestal y de Suelos del Estado de Durango, Facultad de Ciencias Forestales, Universidad Ju\u00e1rez del Estado de Durango."},{"key":"ref_62","unstructured":"Vargas-Larreta, B., Gonz\u00e1lez-Herrera, L., L\u00f3pez-S\u00e1nchez, C., Corral-Rivas, J., L\u00f3pez-Mart\u00ednez, J., Aguirre-Calder\u00f3n, C.G., and \u00c1lvarez Gonz\u00e1lez, J. (2016). Biomass equations and carbon content of the temperate forests of northwestern M\u00e9xico. Biomass Bioenerg, in press."},{"key":"ref_63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"267","DOI":"10.1093\/forestry\/cps084","article-title":"Using basal area to estimate aboveground carbon stocks in forests: La Primavera Biosphere\u2019s Reserve, Mexico","volume":"86","author":"Torres","year":"2013","journal-title":"Forestry"},{"key":"ref_64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1982","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rse.2007.03.032","article-title":"Combining national forest inventory field plots and remote sensing data for forest databases","volume":"112","author":"Tomppo","year":"2008","journal-title":"Remote Sens. Environ."},{"key":"ref_65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"92","DOI":"10.1109\/JSTARS.2013.2241020","article-title":"Improved mapping of tropical forests with optical and SAR imagery, Part II: Above ground biomass estimation","volume":"6","author":"Rauste","year":"2013","journal-title":"IEEE J. Sel. Top. Appl. Earth Obs. Remote Sens."},{"key":"ref_66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"316","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rse.2015.07.005","article-title":"Forest growing stock volume of the northern hemisphere: Spatially explicit estimates for 2010 derived from Envisat ASAR","volume":"168","author":"Santoro","year":"2015","journal-title":"Remote Sens. Environ."},{"key":"ref_67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"76","DOI":"10.1016\/S0034-4257(01)00195-X","article-title":"AVHRR-based forest proportion map of the Pan-European area","volume":"77","author":"Stenberg","year":"2001","journal-title":"Remote Sens. Environ."},{"key":"ref_68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"336","DOI":"10.1080\/00087041.2015.1108658","article-title":"Accurate attribute mapping from volunteered geographic information: Issues of volunteer quantity and quality","volume":"52","author":"Foody","year":"2015","journal-title":"Cartogr. J."},{"key":"ref_69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"137","DOI":"10.1007\/s10708-008-9188-y","article-title":"The credibility of volunteered geographic information","volume":"72","author":"Flanagin","year":"2008","journal-title":"GeoJournal"},{"key":"ref_70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"847","DOI":"10.1111\/tgis.12033","article-title":"Assessing the accuracy of volunteered geographic information arising from multiple contributors to an Internet based collaborative project","volume":"17","author":"Foody","year":"2013","journal-title":"Trans. GIS"},{"key":"ref_71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"110","DOI":"10.1016\/j.spasta.2012.03.002","article-title":"Assuring the quality of volunteered geographic information","volume":"1","author":"Goodchild","year":"2012","journal-title":"Spat. Stat."},{"key":"ref_72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0069958","article-title":"Comparing the quality of crowdsourced data contributed by expert and non-experts","volume":"8","author":"See","year":"2013","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"ref_73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1109\/TLT.2009.39","article-title":"Geolearners: Location-based informal learning with mobile and social technologies","volume":"3","author":"Clough","year":"2010","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Learn. Technol."},{"key":"ref_74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"410","DOI":"10.1080\/17538947.2015.1039609","article-title":"Assessing quality of volunteer crowdsourcing contributions: lessons from the Cropland Capture game","volume":"9","author":"Salk","year":"2016","journal-title":"Int. J. Digit. Earth"},{"key":"ref_75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"180","DOI":"10.3390\/f7080180","article-title":"Allometric equations for estimating tree aboveground biomass in tropical dipterocarp forests of vietnam","volume":"7","author":"Huy","year":"2016","journal-title":"Forests"},{"key":"ref_76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1553","DOI":"10.5194\/bg-13-1553-2016","article-title":"Predicting biomass of hyperdiverse and structurally complex central Amazonian forests\u2014A virtual approach using extensive field data","volume":"13","author":"Higuchi","year":"2016","journal-title":"Biogeosciences"}],"container-title":["Remote Sensing"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2072-4292\/8\/10\/869\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T19:33:42Z","timestamp":1760211222000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2072-4292\/8\/10\/869"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2016,10,21]]},"references-count":76,"journal-issue":{"issue":"10","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,10]]}},"alternative-id":["rs8100869"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/rs8100869","relation":{},"ISSN":["2072-4292"],"issn-type":[{"type":"electronic","value":"2072-4292"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2016,10,21]]}}}