{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,14]],"date-time":"2026-02-14T05:23:13Z","timestamp":1771046593438,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,12,6]],"date-time":"2016-12-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1480982400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Remote Sensing"],"abstract":"<jats:p>To monitor the stage in turbid reservoirs with a sloping bank, it has been proposed to install a near-infrared Lidar on the bank and to orient it so that it points at the water surface with a large incidence angle (between \u2248 30\u00b0 and 70\u00b0). The technique assumes that the Lidar can detect suspended particles that are slightly below the water surface. Some laboratory results and the first long-term assessment (&gt;2 years) of the technique are presented. It found that: (1) although the test Lidar provides erratic distance data, they can be easily filtered according to the intensity of the received signal; (2) the Lidar provides reliable data only when the water is very turbid (Secchi depth smaller than \u2248 1.0 m); and (3) the reliable data can be used to estimate daily stage values (after a simple field calibration) with an uncertainty better than \u00b10.08 m (p = 0.95). Although the present form of the technique is not very accurate, it uses an inexpensive instrument (\u22481500 USD) which can be easily installed in a safe place (such as is the roof of a building). It is argued that the technique could be also used to monitor the stage and the sub-surface velocity in others turbid water bodies, such as some coastal areas (a recent field of application) and flooding rivers.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/rs8120999","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,12,6]],"date-time":"2016-12-06T10:07:17Z","timestamp":1481018837000},"page":"999","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Stage Monitoring in Turbid Reservoirs with an Inclined Terrestrial Near-Infrared Lidar"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"8","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1661-3138","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Serge","family":"Tamari","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto Mexicano de Tecnolog\u00eda del Agua (IMTA), Paseo Cuauhn\u00e1huac No. 8532, Col. Progreso, Jiutepec Mor. 62550, Mexico"}]},{"given":"Vicente","family":"Guerrero-Meza","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"DISIME S.A. de C.V., Playa Villa del Mar No. 180, Col. Militar Marte, Ciudad de M\u00e9xico D.F. 08830, Mexico"}]},{"given":"Youn\u00e8s","family":"Rifad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ecole des Mines de Douai (EMD), 941 rue Charles Bourseul, Douai 59508, France"}]},{"given":"Luis","family":"Bravo-Incl\u00e1n","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto Mexicano de Tecnolog\u00eda del Agua (IMTA), Paseo Cuauhn\u00e1huac No. 8532, Col. Progreso, Jiutepec Mor. 62550, Mexico"}]},{"given":"Jos\u00e9","family":"S\u00e1nchez-Ch\u00e1vez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto Mexicano de Tecnolog\u00eda del Agua (IMTA), Paseo Cuauhn\u00e1huac No. 8532, Col. Progreso, Jiutepec Mor. 62550, Mexico"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,12,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S85","DOI":"10.1016\/j.isprsjprs.2011.01.009","article-title":"Testing a near-infrared Lidar mounted with a large incidence angle to monitor the water level of turbid reservoirs","volume":"66","author":"Tamari","year":"2011","journal-title":"ISPRS J. Photogramm. Remote Sens."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"339","DOI":"10.1364\/AO.32.000339","article-title":"\u0394k Lidar sensing of surface waves in a wave tank","volume":"32","author":"Churnside","year":"1993","journal-title":"Appl. Opt."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"918","DOI":"10.1002\/esp.1948","article-title":"Mapping hydraulic biotopes using terrestrial laser scan data of water surface properties","volume":"35","author":"Milan","year":"2010","journal-title":"Earth Surf. Process. 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