{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,12]],"date-time":"2025-10-12T04:21:22Z","timestamp":1760242882873,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,12,30]],"date-time":"2016-12-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1483056000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003629","name":"Korea Meteorological Administration","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["153-3100-3137-305-210-13","KMIPA 2015-5010"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["153-3100-3137-305-210-13","KMIPA 2015-5010"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003629","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Remote Sensing"],"abstract":"<jats:p>To investigate the characteristics of Spinning Enhanced Visible and Infrared Imager (SEVIRI)-derived products from the UK Met Office algorithm, one year of cloud occurrence frequency (COF) and cloud-top height (CTH) data from May 2013 to April 2014 was analysed in comparison with Cloud Profiling Radar (CPR) and Cloud-Aerosol LiDAR with Orthogonal Polarization (CALIOP) cloud products observed from the A-Train constellation. Because CPR operated in daylight-only data collection mode, daytime products were validated in this study. It is important to note that the different sensor characteristics cause differences in CTH retrievals. The CTH of active instruments, CPR and CALIOP, is derived from the return time of the backscattered radar or LiDAR signal, while the infrared sensor, SEVIRI, measures a radiatively effective CTH. Therefore, some systematic differences in comparison results are expected. However, similarities in spatial distribution and seasonal variability of COFs were noted among SEVIRI, CALIOP, and CPR products, although COF derived by the SEVIRI algorithm showed biases of 14.35% and \u22123.90% compared with those from CPR and CALIOP measurements, respectively. We found that the SEVIRI algorithm estimated larger COF values than the CPR product, especially over oceans, whereas smaller COF was detected by SEVIRI measurements over land and in the tropics than by CALIOP, where multi-layer clouds and thin cirrus clouds are dominant. CTHs derived from SEVIRI showed better agreement with CPR than with CALIOP. Further comparison with CPR showed that SEVIRI CTH was highly sensitive to the CO2 bias correction used in the Minimum Residual method. Compared with CPR CTHs, SEVIRI has produced stable CTHs since the bias correction update in November 2013, with a correlation coefficient of 0.93, bias of \u22120.27 km, and standard deviation of 1.61 km.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/rs9010024","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,12,30]],"date-time":"2016-12-30T08:48:53Z","timestamp":1483087733000},"page":"24","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Comparison of SEVIRI-Derived Cloud Occurrence Frequency and Cloud-Top Height with A-Train Data"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"9","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5330-9456","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chu-Yong","family":"Chung","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"National Meteorological Satellite Center, Korea Meteorological Administration, 64-18 Guam-gil, Gwanghyewon-myeon, Jincheon-gun, Chuncheonbuk-do 27803, Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Peter","family":"Francis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Met Office, FitzRoy road, Exeter, Devon EX1 3PB, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Roger","family":"Saunders","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Met Office, FitzRoy road, Exeter, Devon EX1 3PB, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1508-9218","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jhoon","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Atmosphere Sciences, Yonsei University, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 03722, Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,12,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (2001). Climate Change. The Scientific Bases: Contribution of Working Group I to the Third Assessment Report of the International Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), Cambridge University Press."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1167","DOI":"10.1175\/1520-0493(1986)114<1167:IOCCOW>2.0.CO;2","article-title":"Influence of cirrus clouds on weather and climate processes: A global perspective","volume":"114","author":"Liou","year":"1986","journal-title":"Mon. Weather Rev."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2839","DOI":"10.5194\/amt-7-2839-2014","article-title":"Remote sensing of cloud top pressure\/height from SEVIRI: Analysis of ten current retrieval algorithms","volume":"7","author":"Hamann","year":"2014","journal-title":"Atmos. Meas. Tech."},{"key":"ref_4","unstructured":"Saunders, R.W., Francis, R., Francis, P.N., Crawford, J., Smith, A., Brown, I., Taylor, R., Forsythe, M., Doutriaux-Boucher, M., and Millington, S. (2006, January 12\u201316). The exploitation of Meteosat Second Generation data in the Met Office. Proceedings of the 2006 EUMETSAT Meteorological Satellite Conference, Helsinki, Finland."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1723","DOI":"10.1175\/2007JAMC1591.1","article-title":"Evaluation of cloud-phase retrieval methods for SEVIRI on Meteosat-8 using ground-based lidar and cloud radar data","volume":"47","author":"Wolters","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Appl. Meteorol. Clim."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"883","DOI":"10.1175\/BAMS-88-6-883","article-title":"Cloudnet\u2014Continuous evaluation of cloud profiles in seven operational models using ground-based observations","volume":"88","author":"Illingworth","year":"2007","journal-title":"Bull. Am. Meteorol. Soc."},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1212","DOI":"10.1029\/2002GL016449","article-title":"Comparison of POLDER apparent and corrected oxygen pressure to ARM\/MMCR cloud boundary pressures","volume":"30","author":"Vanbauce","year":"2003","journal-title":"Geophys. Res. Lett."},{"key":"ref_8","unstructured":"Bennartz, R., Fell, F., and Walther, A. (2010). AVAC-S: A-Train Validation of Aerosol and Cloud Properties from SEVIRI, EUMETSAT. EUMETSAT Document EUM-07-839-INF."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"977","DOI":"10.1175\/BAMS-83-7-Schmetz-2","article-title":"An introduction to Meteosat Second Generation (MSG)","volume":"83","author":"Schmetz","year":"2002","journal-title":"Bull. Am. Meteorol. Soc."},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"123","DOI":"10.1080\/01431168808954841","article-title":"An improved method for detecting clear sky and cloudy radiances from AVHRR data","volume":"9","author":"Saunders","year":"1988","journal-title":"Int. J. Remote Sens."},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1407","DOI":"10.1002\/qj.1999.49712555615","article-title":"An improved fast radiative model for assimilation of satellite radiance observations","volume":"125","author":"Saunders","year":"1999","journal-title":"Q. J. R. Meteor. Soc."},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"307","DOI":"10.1002\/met.239","article-title":"Cloud detection in Meteosat Second Generation imagery at the Met Office","volume":"18","author":"Hocking","year":"2011","journal-title":"Meteorol. Appl."},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"267","DOI":"10.1175\/1520-0450(1989)028<0267:ROCPFS>2.0.CO;2","article-title":"Retrieval of cloud parameters from satellite sounder data: A simulation study","volume":"28","author":"Eyre","year":"1989","journal-title":"J. Appl. Meteorol."},{"key":"ref_14","unstructured":"Moseley, S. (2003). Changes to the Nimrod Cloud Top Height Diagnosis."},{"key":"ref_15","unstructured":"Francis, P.N., Hocking, J.A., and Saunders, R.W. (2008, January 8\u201312). Improved diagnosis of low-level cloud from MSG SEVIRI data for assimilation into Met Office limited area models. Proceedings of the 2008 EUMETSAT Meteorological Satellite Conference, Darmstadt, Germany."},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1771","DOI":"10.1175\/BAMS-83-12-1771","article-title":"The CloudSat mission and the A-Train: A new dimension of space-based observations of clouds and precipitation","volume":"83","author":"Stephens","year":"2002","journal-title":"Bull. Am. Meteorol. Soc."},{"key":"ref_17","first-page":"D00A18","article-title":"CloudSat mission: Performance and early science after the first year of operation","volume":"113","author":"Stephens","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Geophys. Res."},{"key":"ref_18","unstructured":"Wang, Z., and Sassen, K. (2007). Level 2 Cloud Scenario Classification Product Process Description and Interface Control Document, Cooperative Institute for Research in the Atmosphere, Colorado State University. Available online: http:\/\/www.cloudsat.cira.colostate.edu\/sites\/default\/files\/products\/files\/2B-CLDCLASS_PDICD.P_R04.20070724.pdf."},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"519","DOI":"10.1175\/2007JTECHA1006.1","article-title":"Hydrometeor detection using CloudSat\u2014An Earth-orbiting 94-GHz Cloud Radar","volume":"25","author":"Marchand","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Atmos. Ocean. Tech."},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Winker, D.M., Hunt, W.H., and Hostetler, C.A. (2004, January 4). Status and Performance of the CALIOP Lidar. Proceedings of the SPIE 5575 Laser Radar Techniques for Atmospheric Sounding, Canary Islands, Spain.","DOI":"10.1117\/12.571955"},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Nayak, M., Witkowski, M., Vane, D., Livermore, T., Rokey, M., Barthuli, M., Gravseth, I.J., Pieper, B., Rodzinak, A., and Silva, S. (2012, January 11\u201315). CloudSat Anomaly Recovery and Operational Lessons Learned. Proceedings of the 12th International Conference SpaceOps, Stockholm, Sweden.","DOI":"10.2514\/6.2012-1295798"},{"key":"ref_22","unstructured":"Wilks, D.S. (2006). Statistical Methods in the Atmospheric Sciences, Elsevier. [2nd ed.]."},{"key":"ref_23","unstructured":"Menzel, W.P., Frey, R., and Baum, B. (2010). Cloud Top Properties and Cloud Phase Algorithm Theoretical Basis Document, Available online: http:\/\/modis-atmos.gsfc.nasa.gov\/_docs\/CTP_ATBD_oct10.pdf."},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1182","DOI":"10.1109\/TGRS.2012.2236335","article-title":"Ice Contamination of Meteosat\/SEVIRI Implied by Inter-Calibration against Metop\/IASI","volume":"51","author":"Hewison","year":"2013","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sens."},{"key":"ref_25","first-page":"1","article-title":"The effect of cloud type on the earth\u2019s energy balance: Global analysis","volume":"8","author":"Hartmann","year":"1992","journal-title":"J. Clim. Appl. Meteorol."},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"29407","DOI":"10.1029\/96JD01780","article-title":"A 6-year climatology of cloud occurrence frequency from Stratospheric Aerosol and Gas Experiment II observations (1985\u20131990)","volume":"101","author":"Wang","year":"1996","journal-title":"J. Geophys. Res."},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"380","DOI":"10.1175\/1520-0442(1989)002<0380:TYOCCS>2.0.CO;2","article-title":"Two years of cloud cover statistics using VAS","volume":"2","author":"Wylie","year":"1989","journal-title":"J. Clim."},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1972","DOI":"10.1175\/1520-0442(1994)007<1972:FYOGCC>2.0.CO;2","article-title":"Four years of global cirrus cloud statistics using HIRS","volume":"7","author":"Wylie","year":"1994","journal-title":"J. Clim."},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"170","DOI":"10.1175\/1520-0442-12.1.170","article-title":"Eight years of High cloud statistics using HIRS","volume":"12","author":"Wylie","year":"1999","journal-title":"J. Clim."},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"L17811","DOI":"10.1029\/2007GL030676","article-title":"Comparison of AIRS, MODIS, CloudSat and CALIPSO cloud top height retrievals","volume":"34","author":"Weisz","year":"2007","journal-title":"Geophys. Res. Lett."},{"key":"ref_31","first-page":"D00A19","article-title":"Global Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) cloud detection and height evaluation using CALIOP","volume":"113","author":"Holz","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Geophys. Res."},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"762","DOI":"10.1175\/2099.1","article-title":"Daytime cloud overlap detection from AVHRR and VIIRS","volume":"43","author":"Pavolonis","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Appl. Meteorol."},{"key":"ref_33","first-page":"D06206","article-title":"Ice cloud properties in ice-over-water cloud systems using Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM) visible and infrared scanner and TRMM microwave Imager data","volume":"112","author":"Minnis","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Geophys. Res."},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"D16203","DOI":"10.1029\/2011JD015883","article-title":"Retrieval of two-layer cloud properties from multispectral observations using optimal estimation","volume":"116","author":"Watts","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Geophys. Res."}],"container-title":["Remote Sensing"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2072-4292\/9\/1\/24\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T19:29:36Z","timestamp":1760210976000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2072-4292\/9\/1\/24"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2016,12,30]]},"references-count":34,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,1]]}},"alternative-id":["rs9010024"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/rs9010024","relation":{},"ISSN":["2072-4292"],"issn-type":[{"type":"electronic","value":"2072-4292"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2016,12,30]]}}}