{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T20:15:57Z","timestamp":1790799357240,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":54,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,1,11]],"date-time":"2017-01-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1484092800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Remote Sensing"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Accurate maps of surface water extent are of paramount importance for water management, satellite data processing and climate modeling. Several maps of water bodies based on remote sensing data have been released during the last decade. Nonetheless, none has a truly (90     \u2218    N\/90     \u2218    S) global coverage while being thoroughly validated. This paper describes a global, spatially-complete (void-free) and accurate mask of inland\/ocean water for the 2000\u20132012 period, built in the framework of the European Space Agency (ESA) Climate Change Initiative (CCI). This map results from the synergistic combination of multiple individual SAR and optical water body and auxiliary datasets. A key aspect of this work is the original and rigorous stratified random sampling designed for the quality assessment of binary classifications where one class is marginally distributed. Input and consolidated products were assessed qualitatively and quantitatively against a reference validation database of 2110 samples spread throughout the globe. Using all samples, overall accuracy was always very high among all products, between     98 %     and     100 %    . The CCI global map of open water bodies provided the best water class representation (F-score of     89 %    ) compared to its constitutive inputs. When focusing on the challenging areas for water bodies\u2019 mapping, such as shorelines, lakes and river banks, all products yielded substantially lower accuracy figures with overall accuracies ranging between     74 %     and     89 %    . The inland water area of the CCI global map of open water bodies was estimated to be 3.17 million km     2     \u00b1 0.24 million km     2    . The dataset is freely available through the ESA CCI Land Cover viewer.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/rs9010036","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,1,11]],"date-time":"2017-01-11T10:36:49Z","timestamp":1484131009000},"page":"36","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":110,"title":["Compilation and Validation of SAR and Optical Data Products for a Complete and Global Map of Inland\/Ocean Water Tailored to the Climate Modeling Community"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"9","author":[{"given":"C\u00e9line","family":"Lamarche","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Earth and Life Institute\u2014Environment, Universit\u00e9 catholique de Louvain, Croix du Sud 2, 1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3339-6991","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maurizio","family":"Santoro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"GAMMA Remote Sensing AG, 3073 G\u00fcmligen, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sophie","family":"Bontemps","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Earth and Life Institute\u2014Environment, Universit\u00e9 catholique de Louvain, Croix du Sud 2, 1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7326-7684","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rapha\u00ebl","family":"D\u2019Andrimont","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Earth and Life Institute\u2014Environment, Universit\u00e9 catholique de Louvain, Croix du Sud 2, 1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Julien","family":"Radoux","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Earth and Life Institute\u2014Environment, Universit\u00e9 catholique de Louvain, Croix du Sud 2, 1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Laura","family":"Giustarini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology, 5 Avenue des Hauts-Fourneaux, L-4362 Esch\/Alzette, Luxembourg"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2195-4327","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Carsten","family":"Brockmann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Brockmann-Consult GmbH, Max-Planck Str. 2, 21502 Geesthacht, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jan","family":"Wevers","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Brockmann-Consult GmbH, Max-Planck Str. 2, 21502 Geesthacht, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5355-4988","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pierre","family":"Defourny","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Earth and Life Institute\u2014Environment, Universit\u00e9 catholique de Louvain, Croix du Sud 2, 1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Olivier","family":"Arino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"European Space Agency, 00044 Frascati, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,1,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"Connor, R. 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