{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,14]],"date-time":"2026-09-14T10:23:34Z","timestamp":1789381414611,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":54,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,1,6]],"date-time":"2017-01-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1483660800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["No.41590841"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["No.41590841"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012166","name":"National Key Research and Development Program","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2016YFC0503004"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2016YFC0503004"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012166","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Key Research Program of Frontier Sciences, CAS","award":["QYZDB-SSW-DQC034"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["QYZDB-SSW-DQC034"]}]},{"name":"One Hundred Talents Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Remote Sensing"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Urban megaregions have emerged as a new urbanized form. However, previous studies mostly focused on urban expansion at the city scale, particularly for large cities. Understanding urban expansion at the regional scale including cities having different sizes is important for extending current knowledge of urban growth and its environmental and ecological impacts. Here, we addressed two questions: (1) How do the extent, rate, and morphological model of urban expansion vary at both the regional and city scales? (2) How do factors, such as city size and expansion rate, influence urban expansion models? We focused on the three largest urban megaregions in China, Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei (BTH), Yangtze River Delta (YRD) and Pearl River Delta (PRD). We quantified and compared the spatiotemporal pattern of urban expansion during 2000\u20132010 at both the regional and city scales based on remote sensing data. We used correlation analysis and linear regressions to address our research questions. We found that (1) the three urban megaregions experienced rapid and massive urban growth, but the spatiotemporal pattern varied greatly. Urban expansion was dominated by edge-expansion in the BTH, edge-expansion and infilling in the YRD, and infilling in the PRD. Cities in the same megaregion tended to have similar expansion morphology; (2) geographical location influenced the model of urban expansion the most, followed by city size and by its expansion rate. Small-sized cities were more likely to develop in a leapfrogging model, while cities with relatively rapid expansion tended to grow in an edge-expansion model.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/rs9010045","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,1,6]],"date-time":"2017-01-06T10:08:12Z","timestamp":1483697292000},"page":"45","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":81,"title":["The Spatiotemporal Pattern of Urban Expansion in China: A Comparison Study of Three Urban Megaregions"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"9","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7123-4267","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Wenjuan","family":"Yu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 19A Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, China"},{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 18 Shuangqing Road, Beijing 100085, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Weiqi","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 19A Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, China"},{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 18 Shuangqing Road, Beijing 100085, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,1,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"756","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1150195","article-title":"Global change and the ecology of cities","volume":"319","author":"Grimm","year":"2008","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1007\/s10980-009-9444-7","article-title":"Urban sustainability: An inevitable goal of landscape research","volume":"25","author":"Wu","year":"2010","journal-title":"Landsc. 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