{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,15]],"date-time":"2026-05-15T11:52:47Z","timestamp":1778845967005,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":45,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,2,10]],"date-time":"2017-02-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1486684800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Natural Science Foundation Innovation Group of Hubei Province","award":["2016CFA003"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2016CFA003"]}]},{"name":"National High Technology Research and Development Program of China (863 Program)","award":["2013AA01A608"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2013AA01A608"]}]},{"name":"National Basic Research Program of China (973 Program)","award":["2011CB707101"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2011CB707101"]}]},{"name":"National Nature Science Foundation of China (NSFC) Program","award":["41301441"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["41301441"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Remote Sensing"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Topology adaptive water boundary extraction from satellite images using parametric snakes remains challenging in the domain of image segmentation. This paper proposed a modified balloon snake (MB-Snake) method based on the balloon snake (B-Snake) method, overcoming the B-Snake\u2019s drawbacks of inaccurate positioning, topology inflexibility, and non-automatic contour evolution termination. Six satellite images, acquired by the GF-1 wide field of view sensor and with water bodies of different types, inner land numbers, areas, boundary and background complexities, and digital number value contrasts, were used as experimental images, in which the MB-Snake method, and two comparison methods, the B-Snake and the orthogonal topology adaptive snake (OT-Snake) methods, were applied for water boundary extraction. All the extracted results were first qualitatively assessed and further quantitatively evaluated via three indexes, including correctness, completeness, and area overlap measure. Both of the qualitative and quantitative evaluation results consistently demonstrated that the MB-Snake method can efficiently improve the positioning accuracy, detect and dispose of topology collisions, and perform automatic contour evolution termination, successfully meeting its design objectives, and exhibiting great superiority to the existing topology-flexible parametric snakes. The sensitivity to initial contours, the effects of model parameters, and spatial resolutions of satellite images, and image demands of the MB-Snake method was also analyzed.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/rs9020140","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,2,10]],"date-time":"2017-02-10T05:27:09Z","timestamp":1486704429000},"page":"140","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Topology Adaptive Water Boundary Extraction Based on a Modified Balloon Snake: Using GF-1 Satellite Images as an Example"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"9","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3202-5128","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Wenying","family":"Du","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Information Engineering in Surveying, Mapping and Remote Sensing, Wuhan University, 129 Luoyu Road, Wuhan 430079, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3521-9972","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nengcheng","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Information Engineering in Surveying, Mapping and Remote Sensing, Wuhan University, 129 Luoyu Road, Wuhan 430079, China"},{"name":"Collaborative Innovation Center of Geospatial Technology, 129 Luoyu Road, Wuhan 430079, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Dandan","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Information Engineering in Surveying, Mapping and Remote Sensing, Wuhan University, 129 Luoyu Road, Wuhan 430079, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,2,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1516","DOI":"10.3390\/rs3071516","article-title":"Shoreline change along sheltered coastlines: Insights from the Neuse River Estuary, NC, USA","volume":"3","author":"Cowart","year":"2011","journal-title":"Remote Sens."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10364","DOI":"10.3390\/rs70810364","article-title":"Temporal-spatial evolution analysis of lake size-distribution in the middle and lower Yangtze River Basin using Landsat imagery data","volume":"7","author":"Li","year":"2015","journal-title":"Remote Sens."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13466","DOI":"10.3390\/rs71013466","article-title":"Combining multispectral imagery with in situ topographic data reveals complex water level variation in China's largest freshwater lake","volume":"7","author":"Wu","year":"2015","journal-title":"Remote Sens."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"558","DOI":"10.1109\/TIP.2002.1006402","article-title":"Image segmentation using association rule features","volume":"11","author":"Rushing","year":"2002","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. 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