{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,18]],"date-time":"2026-01-18T21:28:31Z","timestamp":1768771711902,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":60,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,2,25]],"date-time":"2017-02-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1487980800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Chinese Polar Environment Comprehensive Investigation &amp; Assessment Programs","award":["CHINARE2015-02-04"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CHINARE2015-02-04"]}]},{"name":"Chinese Polar Environment Comprehensive Investigation &amp; Assessment Programs","award":["CHINARE2016-02-04"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CHINARE2016-02-04"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004543","name":"China Scholarship Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004543","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Remote Sensing"],"abstract":"<jats:p>A phytoplankton bloom occurred in Ardley Cove, King George Island in January 2016, during which maximum chlorophyll-a reached 9.87 mg\/m3. Records show that blooms have previously not occurred in this area prior to 2010 and the average chlorophyll-a concentration between 1991 and 2009 was less than 2 mg\/m3. Given the lack of in situ measurements and the poor performance of satellite algorithms in the Southern Ocean and Antarctic waters, we validate and assess several chlorophyll-a algorithms and apply an improved baseline fluorescence approach to examine this bloom event. In situ water properties including in vivo fluorescence, water leaving radiance, and solar irradiance were collected to evaluate satellite algorithms and characterize chlorophyll-a concentration, as well as dominant phytoplankton groups. The results validated the nFLH fluorescence baseline approach, resulting in a good agreement at this high latitude, high chlorophyll-a region with correlation at 59.46%. The dominant phytoplankton group within the bloom was micro-phytoplankton, occupying 79.58% of the total phytoplankton community. Increasing sea ice coverage and sea ice concentration are likely responsible for increasing phytoplankton blooms in the recent decade. Given the profound influence of climate change on sea-ice and phytoplankton dynamics in the region, it is imperative to develop accurate methods of estimating the spatial distribution and concentrations of the increasing occurrence of bloom events.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/rs9030210","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,2,27]],"date-time":"2017-02-27T11:00:20Z","timestamp":1488193220000},"page":"210","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"title":["Fluorescence-Based Approach to Estimate the Chlorophyll-A Concentration of a Phytoplankton Bloom in Ardley Cove (Antarctica)"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"9","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5049-8001","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chen","family":"Zeng","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Ocean and Earth Science, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China"},{"name":"Department of Earth, Ocean and Atmospheric Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tao","family":"Zeng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Satellite Ocean Application Service State Oceanic Administration, Beijing 100081, China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Space Ocean Remote Sensing and Application State Oceanic Administration, Beijing 100081, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5284-6428","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Andrew","family":"Fischer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies, University of Tasmania, Launceston, 7250, Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Huiping","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Deep-sea Science and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Sanya 572000, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,2,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Falkowski, P.G. 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