{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,1]],"date-time":"2026-02-01T03:54:50Z","timestamp":1769918090683,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,2,25]],"date-time":"2017-02-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1487980800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["41571434"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["41571434"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["41322010"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["41322010"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Remote Sensing"],"abstract":"<jats:p>As the core issue for Digital Surface Model (DSM) generation, image matching is often implemented in photo space to get disparity or depth map. However, DSM is generated in object space with additional processes such as reference image selection, disparity maps fusion or depth maps merging, and interpolation. This difference between photo space and object space leads to process complexity and computation redundancy. We propose a direct DSM generation approach called the semi-global vertical line locus matching (SGVLL), to generate DSM with dense matching in the object space directly. First, we designed a cost function, robust to the pre-set elevation step and projection distortion, and detected occlusion during cost calculation to achieve a sound photo-consistency measurement. Then, we proposed an improved semi-global cost aggregation with guidance of true-orthophoto to obtain superior results at weak texture regions and slanted planes. The proposed method achieves performance very close to the state-of-the-art with less time consumption, which was experimentally evaluated and verified using nadir aerial images and reference data.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/rs9030214","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,2,27]],"date-time":"2017-02-27T11:00:20Z","timestamp":1488193220000},"page":"214","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["Direct Digital Surface Model Generation by Semi-Global Vertical Line Locus Matching"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"9","author":[{"given":"Yanfeng","family":"Zhang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Remote Sensing and Information Engineering, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430079, China"}]},{"given":"Yongjun","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Remote Sensing and Information Engineering, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430079, China"}]},{"given":"Delin","family":"Mo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Geographical Spatial Information, Information Engineering University, Zhengzhou 450001, China"}]},{"given":"Yi","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Remote Sensing and Information Engineering, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430079, China"}]},{"given":"Xin","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Remote Sensing and Information Engineering, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430079, China"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,2,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1014573219977","article-title":"A taxonomy and evaluation of dense two-frame stereo correspondence algorithms","volume":"47","author":"Scharstein","year":"2002","journal-title":"Int. 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