{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,17]],"date-time":"2025-11-17T05:50:27Z","timestamp":1763358627573,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":57,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,3,29]],"date-time":"2017-03-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1490745600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004826","name":"Beijing Natural Science Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["8162028"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["8162028"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004826","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Open Fund of Key Laboratory of Space Ocean Remote Sensing and Application","award":["201602021"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["201602021"]}]},{"name":"Open Fund of State Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing Science","award":["OFSLRSS201506"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["OFSLRSS201506"]}]},{"name":"National Program on Key Basic Research Project","award":["2014CB744204"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2014CB744204"]}]},{"name":"National Natural Science Fundation of China","award":["40901168"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["40901168"]}]},{"name":"Research on data processing theory and methods of the auxiliary lines selection based on satellite remote sensing image","award":["GCB17201600036"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["GCB17201600036"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Remote Sensing"],"abstract":"<jats:p>This paper presents a model to describe the polarization patterns of celestial light, which includes sunlight and skylight, when refracted by wavy water surfaces. The polarization patterns and intensity distribution of refracted light through the wave water surface were calculated. The model was validated by underwater experimental measurements. The experimental and theoretical values agree well qualitatively. This work provides a quantitative description of the repolarization and transmittance of celestial light transmitted through wave water surfaces. The effects of wind speed and incident sources on the underwater refraction polarization patterns are discussed. Scattering skylight dominates the polarization patterns while direct solar light is the dominant source of the intensity of the underwater light field. Wind speed has an influence on disturbing the patterns under water.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/rs9040324","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,3,29]],"date-time":"2017-03-29T11:26:44Z","timestamp":1490786804000},"page":"324","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":22,"title":["Polarization Patterns of Transmitted Celestial Light under Wavy Water Surfaces"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"9","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2789-6989","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Guanhua","family":"Zhou","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Instrumentation Science and Opto-Electronics Engineering, Beihang University, No. 37 Xueyuan Rd., Haidian, Beijing 100191, China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Space Ocean Remote Sensing and Application, State Oceanic Administration, No. 8 Da Huisi Rd., Haidian, Beijing 100081, China"},{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing Science, Institute of Remote Sensing and Digital Earth, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China"}]},{"given":"Jiwen","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Instrumentation Science and Opto-Electronics Engineering, Beihang University, No. 37 Xueyuan Rd., Haidian, Beijing 100191, China"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5588-9300","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Wujian","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Instrumentation Science and Opto-Electronics Engineering, Beihang University, No. 37 Xueyuan Rd., Haidian, Beijing 100191, China"}]},{"given":"Kai","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China"}]},{"given":"Zhongqi","family":"Ma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Instrumentation Science and Opto-Electronics Engineering, Beihang University, No. 37 Xueyuan Rd., Haidian, Beijing 100191, China"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,3,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"25662","DOI":"10.1364\/OE.20.025662","article-title":"The relationship between upwelling underwater polarization and attenuation\/absorption ratio","volume":"20","author":"Amir","year":"2012","journal-title":"Opt. 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