{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,5]],"date-time":"2025-11-05T14:23:05Z","timestamp":1762352585035,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":43,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,4,2]],"date-time":"2017-04-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1491091200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Remote Sensing"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) provides widespread Aerosol Optical Depth (AOD) datasets for climatological and environmental health research. Since MODIS AOD clearly lacks coverage in orbit-scanning gaps and cloud obscuration, some applications will benefit from data recovery using multi-temporal AOD. Aimed at qualitatively describing the relationship between multi-temporal AOD, AOD loadings and Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) have been considered based on the mechanism of satellite AOD retrieval. Accordingly, the NDVI-based Weighted Linear Regression (NWLR) has been proposed to recover AOD by synthetically weighing AOD similarity, spatial proximity, and NDVI similarity. To evaluate the performance of AOD recovery, simulated experiments applying gap and window masks were conducted in South Asia and Beijing, respectively. The evaluation results demonstrated that the linear regression R2 achieved 0.8 and the absolute relative errors remained steady. Further validation was conducted between the recovered and actual AODs using 56 Aerosol Robotic Network (AERONET) sites in East and South Asia from 2013 to 2015, which demonstrated that over 41% of recovered AODs fell within the expected error (EE) envelope. Additional validation conducted in South Asia and Beijing showed that recovery by NWLR did not expand satellite-derived AOD errors, and the accuracy of recovered AOD was consistent with the accuracy of the original Aqua MODIS Deep Blue (DB) AOD. The recovery results illustrated that AOD coverage was improved in most regions, especially in North China, Mongolia, and South Asia, which could provide better support in aerosol spatio-temporal analysis and aerosol data assimilation.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/rs9040340","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,4,3]],"date-time":"2017-04-03T13:32:30Z","timestamp":1491226350000},"page":"340","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":17,"title":["Improving Spatial Coverage for Aqua MODIS AOD using NDVI-Based Multi-Temporal Regression Analysis"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"9","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3456-8262","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tianhao","family":"Zhang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Information Engineering in Surveying, Mapping and Remote Sensing, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430079, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Chao","family":"Zeng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Hydraulic Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Wei","family":"Gong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Information Engineering in Surveying, Mapping and Remote Sensing, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430079, China"},{"name":"Collaborative Innovation Center for Geospatial Information Technology, Wuhan 430079, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7783-5725","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lunche","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Critical Zone Evolution, School of Earth Sciences, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8718-0045","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kun","family":"Sun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Information Engineering in Surveying, Mapping and Remote Sensing, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430079, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Huanfeng","family":"Shen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Collaborative Innovation Center for Geospatial Information Technology, Wuhan 430079, China"},{"name":"School of Resource and Environmental Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Zhongmin","family":"Zhu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Information Engineering in Surveying, Mapping and Remote Sensing, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430079, China"},{"name":"College of Information Science and Engineering, Wuchang Shouyi University, Wuhan 430064, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Zerun","family":"Zhu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Information Engineering in Surveying, Mapping and Remote Sensing, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430079, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,4,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"215","DOI":"10.1038\/nature01091","article-title":"A satellite view of aerosols in the climate system","volume":"419","author":"Kaufman","year":"2002","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"72","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jqsrt.2014.07.020","article-title":"A critical assessment of direct radiative effects of different aerosol types on surface global radiation and its components","volume":"149","author":"Xia","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. 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