{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,12]],"date-time":"2025-10-12T04:11:43Z","timestamp":1760242303319,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":7,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,4,3]],"date-time":"2017-04-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1491177600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Remote Sensing"],"abstract":"<jats:p>A polarimetric ground-based radar (GB-radar) system operated in the L-band has been developed. The frequency range of GB-radar is 1.215 to 1.3 GHz, which is the same as that of Japanese satellite-borne SAR, PALSAR-2 (Phased Array type L-band Synthetic Aperture Radar), and Japanese L-band air-borne radar, i.e., Pi-SAR-L2 (Polarimetric and Interferometric Airborne Synthetic Aperture Radar L2). Polarimetric calibration was carried out twice in the field to calibrate and validate the GB-radar data. Cross-talk and channel imbalance are improved for the both experiments, and are from \u221213.3 dB to \u221230.7 dB, and from 1.06 to 1.00, respectively for the first experiment, after calibration. The calibrated cross-talk and channel imbalance values were comparable to \u221231.7 dB and 1.013, which were obtained using PALSAR. Radiometric calibration and antenna pattern correction were also carried out in the second experiment. Forest observations were also carried out simultaneously by GB-radar and Pi-SAR-L2 in the second experiment. The range profiles obtained by GB-radar and Pi-SAR-L2 were compared for several polarimetric parameters, namely, radar backscattering coefficient, polarimetric coherence, eigenvalue-decomposition parameters, and four-component-decomposition parameters. Both range profiles matched moderately well and showed good performance that could compensate for the limited possibility of satellite\/air-borne SAR observation.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/rs9040342","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,4,3]],"date-time":"2017-04-03T13:32:30Z","timestamp":1491226350000},"page":"342","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Polarimetric Calibration for a Ground-Based Radar, and Comparison of the Polarimetric Parameters with Air-Borne SAR Obtained from a Forest"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"9","author":[{"given":"Manabu","family":"Watanabe","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Tokyo Denki University, Ishizaka, Hatoyama-machi, Hiki-gun, Saitama 350-0394, Japan"}]},{"given":"Masanobu","family":"Shimada","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Tokyo Denki University, Ishizaka, Hatoyama-machi, Hiki-gun, Saitama 350-0394, Japan"},{"name":"Earth Observation Research Center, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency, 2-1-1 Sengen, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8505, Japan"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,4,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5799","DOI":"10.1109\/TGRS.2015.2415832","article-title":"Multi-temporal fluctuations in L-band backscatter from a Japanese forest","volume":"53","author":"Watanabe","year":"2015","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sens."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"576","DOI":"10.1109\/JSTARS.2010.2086436","article-title":"An evaluation of the ALOS PALSAR L-band backscatter\u2014Above ground biomass relationship Queensland, Australia: Impacts of surface moisture condition and vegetation structure","volume":"3","author":"Lucas","year":"2010","journal-title":"IEEE J. Sel. Top. Appl. Earth Obs. Remote Sens."},{"key":"ref_3","unstructured":"Watanabe, M., Nagai, H., Natsuaki, R., and Shimada, M. (2016, January 22). Phase shift observed over a forest stand with PALSAR-2 SAR interferometry in Hakone. Proceedings of the Japan Geoscience Union Meeting 2016, STT54-9, Tokyo, Japan."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1163\/156939390X00438","article-title":"Calibration of polarimetric radars using in-scene reflectors","volume":"4","author":"Yueh","year":"1990","journal-title":"J. Electromagn. Waves Appl."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1049\/ip-map:19951544","article-title":"New polarimetric calibration technique using a single calibration dihedral","volume":"1421","author":"Gau","year":"1995","journal-title":"IEEE Proc. Microw. Antennas Propag."},{"key":"ref_6","first-page":"936","article-title":"Overview of the PolSARpro V4.0 software: The open-source toolbox for polarimetric and interferometric polarimetric SAR data processing","volume":"4","author":"Pottier","year":"2009","journal-title":"Proc. IEEE Int. Geosci. Remote Sens. Symp."},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3915","DOI":"10.1109\/TGRS.2009.2023909","article-title":"PALSAR radiometric and geometric calibration","volume":"4712","author":"Shimada","year":"2009","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sens."}],"container-title":["Remote Sensing"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2072-4292\/9\/4\/342\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T18:31:53Z","timestamp":1760207513000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2072-4292\/9\/4\/342"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2017,4,3]]},"references-count":7,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,4]]}},"alternative-id":["rs9040342"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/rs9040342","relation":{},"ISSN":["2072-4292"],"issn-type":[{"type":"electronic","value":"2072-4292"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2017,4,3]]}}}