{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,26]],"date-time":"2025-10-26T14:50:59Z","timestamp":1761490259888,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":47,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,4,19]],"date-time":"2017-04-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1492560000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Remote Sensing"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Forty-six ancient Tibetan star-shaped towers and a village are located on a giant slope, which would be partially flooded by a nearby reservoir currently under construction. Ground survey, boreholes, and geophysical investigations have been carried out, with results indicating that the slope consists of loose deposit with a mean thickness of approximately 80 m in addition to an overlying bedrock of micaceous schist and phyllite. Ground survey and Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar (InSAR) indicated that the slope is experiencing some local deformations, with the appearance of cracks and occurrence of two small landslides. Through using borehole logs with the knowledge of the regional geological background, it can be inferred that the loose deposit is a result of an ancient deep-seated translational landslide. This landslide was initiated along the weak layer of the bedding plane during the last glaciation in the late Pleistocene (Q3) period, which was due to deep incision of the Dadu River at that time. Although it has not shown a major reaction since the ancient Tibetan star-shaped towers have been built (between 200 and 1600 AD), and preliminary studies based on geological and geomorphological analyses incorporated with InSAR technology indicated that the landslide is deformable. Furthermore, these studies highlighted that the rate of deformation is gradually reducing from the head to the toe area of the landslide, with the deformation also exhibiting relationships with seasonal rainstorms. The state of the toe area is very important for stabilizing a landslide and minimizing damage. It can be expected that the coming impoundment of the reservoir will increase pore pressure of the rupture zone at the toe area, which will then reduce resistance and accelerate the deformation. Future measures for protection of the slope should be focused on toe erosion and some bank protection measures (i.e., rock armor) should be adopted in this area. Meanwhile, some long-term monitoring measures should be installed to gain a deep understanding on the stability of this important slope.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/rs9040383","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,4,19]],"date-time":"2017-04-19T10:22:01Z","timestamp":1492597321000},"page":"383","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["A Recognition and Geological Model of a Deep-Seated Ancient Landslide at a Reservoir under Construction"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"9","author":[{"given":"Shengwen","family":"Qi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Shale Gas and Geoengineering, Institute of Geology and Geophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China"},{"name":"College of Earth Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China"}]},{"given":"Yu","family":"Zou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Shale Gas and Geoengineering, Institute of Geology and Geophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China"},{"name":"College of Earth Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China"}]},{"given":"Faquan","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Civil Engineering, Shaoxing University, Shaoxing 312000, China"}]},{"given":"Changgen","family":"Yan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Highway School, Chang\u2019an University, Xi\u2019an 710064, China"}]},{"given":"Jinghui","family":"Fan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"China Aero-geophysical Survey and Remote Sensing Center for Land and Resources, Beijing 100083, China"}]},{"given":"Mingdong","family":"Zang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Shale Gas and Geoengineering, Institute of Geology and Geophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China"},{"name":"College of Earth Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China"}]},{"given":"Shishu","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Chengdu Engineering Co. Ltd., China Power, Chengdu 610072, China"}]},{"given":"Ruyi","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"China Zhengyuan Geomatics Co. Ltd., Jinan 250101, Shandong, China"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,4,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Jones, F.O., Embody, D.R., Peterson, W.L., and Hazlewood, R.M. (1961). Landslides along the Columbia River Valley. Northeastern Washington, With a Section on Seismic Surveys.","DOI":"10.3133\/pp367"},{"key":"ref_2","first-page":"148","article-title":"The rock slide in the Vajont Valley","volume":"4","year":"1964","journal-title":"Rock Mech. Eng. Geol."},{"key":"ref_3","unstructured":"Breth, H. (1967, January 4\u20138). The dynamics of a landslide produced by filling a reservoir. Proceedings of the 9th International. Congress on Large Dams, Istanbul, Turkey."},{"key":"ref_4","unstructured":"Jin, D.L., and Wang, G.F. (1988). 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