{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,3]],"date-time":"2026-04-03T14:10:53Z","timestamp":1775225453016,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":64,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,6,5]],"date-time":"2017-06-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1496620800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"JSPS KAKENHI","award":["26101002"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["26101002"]}]},{"name":"JSPS KAKENHI","award":["26101003"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["26101003"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100010697","name":"Alphawood Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100010697","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Remote Sensing"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The successful analysis of LiDAR data for archaeological research requires an evaluation of effects of different vegetation types and the use of adequate visualization techniques for the identification of archaeological features. The Ceibal-Petexbatun Archaeological Project conducted a LiDAR survey of an area of 20 \u00d7 20 km around the Maya site of Ceibal, Guatemala, which comprises diverse vegetation classes, including rainforest, secondary vegetation, agricultural fields, and pastures. We developed a classification of vegetation through object-based image analysis (OBIA), primarily using LiDAR-derived datasets, and evaluated various visualization techniques of LiDAR data. We then compared probable archaeological features identified in the LiDAR data with the archaeological map produced by Harvard University in the 1960s and conducted ground-truthing in sample areas. This study demonstrates the effectiveness of the OBIA approach to vegetation classification in archaeological applications, and suggests that the Red Relief Image Map (RRIM) aids the efficient identification of subtle archaeological features. LiDAR functioned reasonably well for the thick rainforest in this high precipitation region, but the densest parts of foliage appear to create patches with no or few ground points, which make the identification of small structures problematic.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/rs9060563","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,6,6]],"date-time":"2017-06-06T10:53:09Z","timestamp":1496746389000},"page":"563","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":69,"title":["Archaeological Application of Airborne LiDAR with Object-Based Vegetation Classification and Visualization Techniques at the Lowland Maya Site of Ceibal, Guatemala"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"9","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5236-5613","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Takeshi","family":"Inomata","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Anthropology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721-0030, USA"}]},{"given":"Flory","family":"Pinz\u00f3n","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ceibal-Petexbatun Archaeological Project, Guatemala City 01005, Guatemala"}]},{"given":"Jos\u00e9 Luis","family":"Ranchos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Escuela de Historia, Universidad de San Carlos, Guatemala City 01012, Guatemala"}]},{"given":"Tsuyoshi","family":"Haraguchi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Graduate School of Science Biology and Geosciences, Osaka City University, Osaka 558-8585, Japan"}]},{"given":"Hiroo","family":"Nasu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Biosphere-Geosphere Science, Okayama University of Science, Okayama 700-0005, Japan"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3703-7555","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Juan Carlos","family":"Fernandez-Diaz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"NSF National Center for Airborne Laser Mapping (NCALM), University of Houston, Houston, TX 77204-5059, USA"}]},{"given":"Kazuo","family":"Aoyama","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Humanities, Ibaraki University, Mito 310-8512, Japan"}]},{"given":"Hitoshi","family":"Yonenobu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Graduate School of Education, Naruto University of Education, Naruto 772-8502, Japan"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,6,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"387","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jas.2010.09.018","article-title":"Airborne LiDAR, archaeology, and the ancient Maya landscape at Caracol, Belize","volume":"38","author":"Chase","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. 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