{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,12]],"date-time":"2025-10-12T04:12:57Z","timestamp":1760242377181,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,6,9]],"date-time":"2017-06-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1496966400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["41671367","41671364","41601385","41505022","41501399"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["41671367","41671364","41601385","41505022","41501399"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Instrument Developing Project of the Chinese Academy of Sciences","award":["YZ201664"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["YZ201664"]}]},{"name":"Major Project of High Resolution Earth Observation System","award":["30-Y20A39-9003-15\/17"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["30-Y20A39-9003-15\/17"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Remote Sensing"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Aerosol optical depth (AOD) is a widely used aerosol optical parameter in atmospheric physics. To obtain this parameter precisely, many institutions plan to launch satellites with multi-angle measurement sensors, but one important step in aerosol retrieval, the estimation of surface reflectance, is still a pressing issue. This paper presents an AOD retrieval method based on the multi-angle intensity data from the Polarization and Anisotropy of Reflectances for Atmospheric Science coupled with Observations from a Lidar (PARASOL) platform using empirical orthogonal functions (EOFs), which can be universally applied to multi-angle observations. The function of EOFs in this study is to estimate surface intensity contributions, associated with aerosol lookup tables (LUTs), so that the retrieval of AOD can be implemented. A comparison of the retrieved AODs for the Beijing, Xianghe, Taihu, and Hongkong_PolyU sites with those from the Aerosol Robotic Network (AERONET) ground-based observations produced high correlation coefficients (r) of 0.892, 0.915, 0.831, and 0.897, respectively, while the corresponding root mean square errors (RMSEs) are 0.095, 0.093, 0.099, and 0.076, respectively.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/rs9060578","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,6,9]],"date-time":"2017-06-09T10:29:59Z","timestamp":1497004199000},"page":"578","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Retrieval of Aerosol Optical Depth Using the Empirical Orthogonal Functions (EOFs) Based on PARASOL Multi-Angle Intensity Data"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"9","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1015-3994","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yang","family":"Zhang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Environment Protection Key Laboratory of Satellite Remote Sensing, Institute of Remote Sensing and Digital Earth, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China"},{"name":"University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Zhengqiang","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Environment Protection Key Laboratory of Satellite Remote Sensing, Institute of Remote Sensing and Digital Earth, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lili","family":"Qie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Environment Protection Key Laboratory of Satellite Remote Sensing, Institute of Remote Sensing and Digital Earth, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0610-7944","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Weizhen","family":"Hou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Environment Protection Key Laboratory of Satellite Remote Sensing, Institute of Remote Sensing and Digital Earth, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Zhihong","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Resources and Environment, Chengdu University of Information Technology, Chengdu 610225, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5856-1052","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ying","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Environment Protection Key Laboratory of Satellite Remote Sensing, Institute of Remote Sensing and Digital Earth, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yisong","family":"Xie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Environment Protection Key Laboratory of Satellite Remote Sensing, Institute of Remote Sensing and Digital Earth, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8024-1872","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xingfeng","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Environment Protection Key Laboratory of Satellite Remote Sensing, Institute of Remote Sensing and Digital Earth, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hua","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Environment Protection Key Laboratory of Satellite Remote Sensing, Institute of Remote Sensing and Digital Earth, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,6,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","first-page":"1138","article-title":"Global estimate of aerosol direct radiative forcing from satellite measurements","volume":"438","author":"Nicolas","year":"2006","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rse.2006.05.022","article-title":"Using aerosol optical thickness to predict ground-level PM2.5 concentrations in the St. Louis area: A comparison between misr and modis","volume":"107","author":"Liu","year":"2007","journal-title":"Remote Sens. 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