{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,15]],"date-time":"2026-07-15T16:38:12Z","timestamp":1784133492424,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":74,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,7,10]],"date-time":"2017-07-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1499644800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"UK Science and Technology Facilities Council through the PAFiC project","award":["ST\/N006801\/1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ST\/N006801\/1"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["61661136003"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["61661136003"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["41471285"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["41471285"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["41471351"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["41471351"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["41601346"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["41601346"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012166","name":"National Key Research and Development Program","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2016YFD0300602"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2016YFD0300602"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012166","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Special Funds for Technology innovation capacity building sponsored by the Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences","award":["KJCX20170423"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["KJCX20170423"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Remote Sensing"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Correct estimation of above-ground biomass (AGB) is necessary for accurate crop growth monitoring and yield prediction. We estimated AGB based on images obtained with a snapshot hyperspectral sensor (UHD 185 firefly, Cubert GmbH, Ulm, Baden-W\u00fcrttemberg, Germany) mounted on an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV). The UHD 185 images were used to calculate the crop height and hyperspectral reflectance of winter wheat canopies from hyperspectral and panchromatic images. We constructed several single-parameter models for AGB estimation based on spectral parameters, such as specific bands, spectral indices (e.g., Ratio Vegetation Index (RVI), NDVI, Greenness Index (GI) and Wide Dynamic Range VI (WDRVI)) and crop height and several models combined with spectral parameters and crop height. Comparison with experimental results indicated that incorporating crop height into the models improved the accuracy of AGB estimations (the average AGB is 6.45 t\/ha). The estimation accuracy of single-parameter models was low (crop height only: R2 = 0.50, RMSE = 1.62 t\/ha, MAE = 1.24 t\/ha; R670 only: R2 = 0.54, RMSE = 1.55 t\/ha, MAE = 1.23 t\/ha; NDVI only: R2 = 0.37, RMSE = 1.81 t\/ha, MAE = 1.47 t\/ha; partial least squares regression R2 = 0.53, RMSE = 1.69, MAE = 1.20), but accuracy increased when crop height and spectral parameters were combined (partial least squares regression modeling: R2 = 0.78, RMSE = 1.08 t\/ha, MAE = 0.83 t\/ha; verification: R2 = 0.74, RMSE = 1.20 t\/ha, MAE = 0.96 t\/ha). Our results suggest that crop height determined from the new UAV-based snapshot hyperspectral sensor can improve AGB estimation and is advantageous for mapping applications. This new method can be used to guide agricultural management.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/rs9070708","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,7,10]],"date-time":"2017-07-10T11:05:31Z","timestamp":1499684731000},"page":"708","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":331,"title":["Estimation of Winter Wheat Above-Ground Biomass Using Unmanned Aerial Vehicle-Based Snapshot Hyperspectral Sensor and Crop Height Improved Models"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"9","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9766-5313","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jibo","family":"Yue","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Quantitative Remote Sensing in Agriculture of Ministry of Agriculture China, Beijing Research Center for Information Technology in Agriculture, Beijing 100097, China"},{"name":"International Institute for Earth System Science, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China"},{"name":"School of Surveying and Land Information Engineering, Henan Polytechnic University, Jiaozuo 454000, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6425-8321","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Guijun","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Quantitative Remote Sensing in Agriculture of Ministry of Agriculture China, Beijing Research Center for Information Technology in Agriculture, Beijing 100097, China"},{"name":"National Engineering Research Center for Information Technology in Agriculture, Beijing 100097, China"},{"name":"Beijing Engineering Research Center for Agriculture Internet of Things, Beijing 100097, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Changchun","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Surveying and Land Information Engineering, Henan Polytechnic University, Jiaozuo 454000, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9878-3274","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zhenhai","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Quantitative Remote Sensing in Agriculture of Ministry of Agriculture China, Beijing Research Center for Information Technology in Agriculture, Beijing 100097, China"},{"name":"National Engineering Research Center for Information Technology in Agriculture, Beijing 100097, China"},{"name":"Beijing Engineering Research Center for Agriculture Internet of Things, Beijing 100097, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yanjie","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Quantitative Remote Sensing in Agriculture of Ministry of Agriculture China, Beijing Research Center for Information Technology in Agriculture, Beijing 100097, China"},{"name":"School of Surveying and Land Information Engineering, Henan Polytechnic University, Jiaozuo 454000, China"},{"name":"National Engineering Research Center for Information Technology in Agriculture, Beijing 100097, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Haikuan","family":"Feng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Quantitative Remote Sensing in Agriculture of Ministry of Agriculture China, Beijing Research Center for Information Technology in Agriculture, Beijing 100097, China"},{"name":"National Engineering Research Center for Information Technology in Agriculture, Beijing 100097, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bo","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Quantitative Remote Sensing in Agriculture of Ministry of Agriculture China, Beijing Research Center for Information Technology in Agriculture, Beijing 100097, China"},{"name":"National Engineering Research Center for Information Technology in Agriculture, Beijing 100097, China"},{"name":"Beijing Engineering Research Center for Agriculture Internet of Things, Beijing 100097, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,7,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"212","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cj.2016.01.008","article-title":"Estimation of biomass in wheat using random forest regression algorithm and remote sensing data","volume":"4","author":"Wang","year":"2016","journal-title":"Crop J."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"283","DOI":"10.1016\/j.agee.2015.10.009","article-title":"The effect of harvest, mulching and low-dose fertilization of liquid digestate on above ground biomass yield and diversity of lower mountain semi-natural grasslands","volume":"216","author":"Hensgen","year":"2016","journal-title":"Agric. 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