{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,18]],"date-time":"2026-01-18T05:15:34Z","timestamp":1768713334034,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,7,28]],"date-time":"2017-07-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1501200000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Remote Sensing"],"abstract":"<jats:p>In order to estimate vegetation photosynthesis from remote sensing observations; some critical parameters need to be quantified. From all absorbed light; the plant needs to release any excess that is not used for photosynthesis; by non-photochemical quenching; by fluorescence emission and unregulated thermal dissipation. Non-photochemical quenching (NPQ) processes are controlled photoprotective mechanisms which; once activated; strongly control the dynamics of photochemical efficiency. With illumination conditions increasing and decreasing during a diurnal cycle; photoprotection mechanisms needs to change accordingly. The goal of this work is to quantify dynamic NPQ; measured from active fluorescence measurements; based on passive proximal sensing leaf measurements. During a 22-day controlled light and water stress experiment on a tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.) leaf we measured the diurnal dynamics of passive fluorescence (Chl F); the Photochemical Reflectance Index (PRI); the Absorbed Photosynthetically Active Radiation (APAR) and leaf temperature in combination with the actively retrieved non-photochemical quenching (NPQ) parameter. Based on a bi-linear combination of diurnal APAR and PRI (plane fit model) we succeeded to estimate NPQ with a RMSE of 0.08. The simple plane fit model estimation represents well the diurnal NPQ dynamics; except for the high light stress phase; when additional reversible photoinhibition processes took place. The present works presents a way of determining NPQ from passive remote sensing measurements; as a necessary step towards estimating photosynthetic rate.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/rs9080770","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,7,28]],"date-time":"2017-07-28T10:14:34Z","timestamp":1501236874000},"page":"770","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":75,"title":["Diurnal Cycle Relationships between Passive Fluorescence, PRI and NPQ of Vegetation in a Controlled Stress Experiment"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"9","author":[{"given":"Luis","family":"Alonso","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Image Processing Laboratory (IPL), University of Valencia, C\/Catedr\u00e1tico Jos\u00e9 Beltr\u00e1n, 2, Paterna, 46980 Valencia, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shari","family":"Van Wittenberghe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Image Processing Laboratory (IPL), University of Valencia, C\/Catedr\u00e1tico Jos\u00e9 Beltr\u00e1n, 2, Paterna, 46980 Valencia, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Julia","family":"Amor\u00f3s-L\u00f3pez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Image Processing Laboratory (IPL), University of Valencia, C\/Catedr\u00e1tico Jos\u00e9 Beltr\u00e1n, 2, Paterna, 46980 Valencia, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Joan","family":"Vila-Franc\u00e9s","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Image Processing Laboratory (IPL), University of Valencia, C\/Catedr\u00e1tico Jos\u00e9 Beltr\u00e1n, 2, Paterna, 46980 Valencia, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3924-1269","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Luis","family":"G\u00f3mez-Chova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Image Processing Laboratory (IPL), University of Valencia, C\/Catedr\u00e1tico Jos\u00e9 Beltr\u00e1n, 2, Paterna, 46980 Valencia, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jose","family":"Moreno","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Image Processing Laboratory (IPL), University of Valencia, C\/Catedr\u00e1tico Jos\u00e9 Beltr\u00e1n, 2, Paterna, 46980 Valencia, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,7,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"313","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.pp.42.060191.001525","article-title":"Chlorophyll Fluorescence and Photosynthesis: The Basics","volume":"42","author":"Krause","year":"1991","journal-title":"Annu. 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