{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,4]],"date-time":"2026-06-04T17:26:30Z","timestamp":1780593990276,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":58,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,9,22]],"date-time":"2017-09-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1506038400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"National Nature Science Foundation of China","award":["41474004"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["41474004"]}]},{"name":"National Nature Science Foundation of China","award":["41461089"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["41461089"]}]},{"name":"National Nature Science Foundation of China","award":["41604019"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["41604019"]}]},{"name":"Key Laboratory for Digital Land and Resources of Jiangxi Province\uff0cEast China University of Technology","award":["DLLJ201711"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["DLLJ201711"]}]},{"name":"Open Fund of Guangxi Key Laboratory of Spatial Information and Geomatics","award":["15-140-07-32"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["15-140-07-32"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Remote Sensing"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The Terrain Observation with Progressive Scans (TOPS) acquisition mode of Sentinel-1A provides a wide coverage per acquisition and features a repeat cycle of 12 days, making this acquisition mode attractive for surface subsidence monitoring. A few studies have analyzed wide-coverage surface subsidence of Wuhan based on Sentinel-1A data. In this study, we investigated wide-area surface subsidence characteristics in Wuhan using 15 Sentinel-1A TOPS Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) images acquired from 11 April 2015 to 29 April 2016 with the Small Baseline Subset Interferometric SAR (SBAS InSAR) technique. The Sentinel-1A SBAS InSAR results were validated by 110 leveling points at an accuracy of 6 mm\/year. Based on the verified SBAS InSAR results, prominent uneven subsidence patterns were identified in Wuhan. Specifically, annual average subsidence rates ranged from \u221282 mm\/year to 18 mm\/year in Wuhan, and maximum subsidence rate was detected in Houhu areas. Surface subsidence time series presented nonlinear subsidence with pronounced seasonal variations. Comparative analysis of surface subsidence and influencing factors (i.e., urban construction, precipitation, industrial development, carbonate karstification and water level changes in Yangtze River) indicated a relatively high spatial correlation between locations of subsidence bowl and those of engineering construction and industrial areas. Seasonal variations in subsidence were correlated with water level changes and precipitation. Surface subsidence in Wuhan was mainly attributed to anthropogenic activities, compressibility of soil layer, carbonate karstification, and groundwater overexploitation. Finally, the spatial-temporal characteristics of wide-area surface subsidence and the relationship between surface subsidence and influencing factors in Wuhan were determined.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/rs9100982","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,9,22]],"date-time":"2017-09-22T11:03:15Z","timestamp":1506078195000},"page":"982","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":134,"title":["Wuhan Surface Subsidence Analysis in 2015\u20132016 Based on Sentinel-1A Data by SBAS-InSAR"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"9","author":[{"given":"Lv","family":"Zhou","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Geodesy and Geomatics, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430079, China"},{"name":"Guangxi Key Laboratory of Spatial Information and Geomatics, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin 541004, China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory for Digital Land and Resources of Jiangxi Province, East China University of Technology, Nanchang 330013, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5427-6481","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jiming","family":"Guo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Geodesy and Geomatics, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430079, China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Precise Engineering and Industry Surveying of National Administration of Surveying, Mapping and Geoinformation, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430079, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jiyuan","family":"Hu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Geodesy and Geomatics, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430079, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jiangwei","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Wuhan Geomatics Institute, Wuhan 430022, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yongfeng","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"ChangJiang Wuhan Waterway Bureau, Wuhan 430014, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9496-346X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yuanjin","family":"Pan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Information Engineering in Surveying, Mapping and Remote Sensing, Wuhan 430079, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Miao","family":"Shi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Wuhan Geomatics Institute, Wuhan 430022, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,9,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"46","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rse.2014.08.004","article-title":"Land subsidence characteristics of Bandung Basin as revealed by ENVISAT ASAR and ALOS PALSAR interferometry","volume":"154","author":"Ge","year":"2014","journal-title":"Remote Sens. 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