{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,9]],"date-time":"2026-04-09T18:51:35Z","timestamp":1775760695206,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":93,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,10,16]],"date-time":"2017-10-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1508112000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Remote Sensing"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The MEthane Remote sensing Lidar missioN (MERLIN) aims at demonstrating the spaceborne active measurement of atmospheric methane, a potent greenhouse gas, based on an Integrated Path Differential Absorption (IPDA) nadir-viewing LIght Detecting and Ranging (Lidar) instrument. MERLIN is a joint French and German space mission, with a launch currently scheduled for the timeframe 2021\/22. The German Space Agency (DLR) is responsible for the payload, while the platform (MYRIADE Evolutions product line) is developed by the French Space Agency (CNES). The main scientific objective of MERLIN is the delivery of weighted atmospheric columns of methane dry-air mole fractions for all latitudes throughout the year with systematic errors small enough (&lt;3.7 ppb) to significantly improve our knowledge of methane sources from global to regional scales, with emphasis on poorly accessible regions in the tropics and at high latitudes. This paper presents the MERLIN objectives, describes the methodology and the main characteristics of the payload and of the platform, and proposes a first assessment of the error budget and its translation into expected uncertainty reduction of methane surface emissions.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/rs9101052","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,10,16]],"date-time":"2017-10-16T11:11:09Z","timestamp":1508152269000},"page":"1052","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":138,"title":["MERLIN: A French-German Space Lidar Mission Dedicated to Atmospheric Methane"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"9","author":[{"given":"Gerhard","family":"Ehret","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Deutsches Zentrum f\u00fcr Luft- und Raumfahrt (DLR) Oberpfaffenhofen, Institut f\u00fcr Physik der Atmosph\u00e4re, 82234 We\u00dfling, Germany"}]},{"given":"Philippe","family":"Bousquet","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l\u2019Environnement (LSCE), LSCE-IPSL (CEA-CNRS-UVSQ), IPSL, 91191 Gif sur Yvette, France"}]},{"given":"Cl\u00e9mence","family":"Pierangelo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre National D\u2019Etudes Spatiales(CNES), 31400 Toulouse, France"}]},{"given":"Matthias","family":"Alpers","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Deutsches Zentrum f\u00fcr Luft- und Raumfahrt, Raumfahrtmanagement (DLR), 53227 Bonn, Germany"}]},{"given":"Bruno","family":"Millet","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre National D\u2019Etudes Spatiales(CNES), 31400 Toulouse, France"}]},{"given":"James","family":"Abshire","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"NASA Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), Greenbelt, MD 20771, USA"}]},{"given":"Heinrich","family":"Bovensmann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Environmental Physics, University of Bremen, 28359 Bremen, Germany"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6821-5580","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"John","family":"Burrows","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Environmental Physics, University of Bremen, 28359 Bremen, Germany"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4327-3813","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fr\u00e9d\u00e9ric","family":"Chevallier","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l\u2019Environnement (LSCE), LSCE-IPSL (CEA-CNRS-UVSQ), IPSL, 91191 Gif sur Yvette, France"}]},{"given":"Philippe","family":"Ciais","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l\u2019Environnement (LSCE), LSCE-IPSL (CEA-CNRS-UVSQ), IPSL, 91191 Gif sur Yvette, France"}]},{"given":"Cyril","family":"Crevoisier","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratoire de M\u00e9t\u00e9orologie Dynamique (LMD), Ecole Polytechnique, 91128 Palaiseau, France"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2818-9290","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Andreas","family":"Fix","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Deutsches Zentrum f\u00fcr Luft- und Raumfahrt (DLR) Oberpfaffenhofen, Institut f\u00fcr Physik der Atmosph\u00e4re, 82234 We\u00dfling, Germany"}]},{"given":"Pierre","family":"Flamant","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratoire de M\u00e9t\u00e9orologie Dynamique (LMD), Ecole Polytechnique, 91128 Palaiseau, France"},{"name":"Laboratoire Atmosph\u00e8res, Milieux, Observations Spatiales (LATMOS), IPSL, CNRS-UVSQ-UPMC, 75005 Paris, France"}]},{"given":"Christian","family":"Frankenberg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL), Pasadena, CA 91109, USA"}]},{"given":"Fabien","family":"Gibert","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratoire de M\u00e9t\u00e9orologie Dynamique (LMD), Ecole Polytechnique, 91128 Palaiseau, France"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2614-9391","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Birgit","family":"Heim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Alfred-Wegener-Institut (AWI), Helmholtz -Zentrum f\u00fcr Polar- und Meeresforschung, Telegrafenberg, 14473 Potsdam, Germany"}]},{"given":"Martin","family":"Heimann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Max-Planck-Institut (MPI) f\u00fcr Biogeochemie, 07745 Jena, Germany"},{"name":"Division of Atmospheric Sciences, Department of Physics, University of Helsinki, 00100 Helsinki, Finland"}]},{"given":"Sander","family":"Houweling","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"SRON Netherlands Institute for Space Research Utrecht, 3584 CA Utrecht, The Netherlands"},{"name":"Department of Earth Sciences, Vrije Universiteit, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands"}]},{"given":"Hans","family":"Hubberten","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Alfred-Wegener-Institut (AWI), Helmholtz -Zentrum f\u00fcr Polar- und Meeresforschung, Telegrafenberg, 14473 Potsdam, Germany"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8964-1394","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Patrick","family":"J\u00f6ckel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Deutsches Zentrum f\u00fcr Luft- und Raumfahrt (DLR) Oberpfaffenhofen, Institut f\u00fcr Physik der Atmosph\u00e4re, 82234 We\u00dfling, Germany"}]},{"given":"Kathy","family":"Law","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratoire Atmosph\u00e8res, Milieux, Observations Spatiales (LATMOS), IPSL, CNRS-UVSQ-UPMC, 75005 Paris, France"}]},{"given":"Alexander","family":"L\u00f6w","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Geosciences, Department of Geography, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universit\u00e4t (LMU), 80539 M\u00fcnchen, Germany"}]},{"given":"Julia","family":"Marshall","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Max-Planck-Institut (MPI) f\u00fcr Biogeochemie, 07745 Jena, Germany"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7495-7273","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anna","family":"Agusti-Panareda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF), Reading RG2 9AX, UK"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1319-0520","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sebastien","family":"Payan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratoire Atmosph\u00e8res, Milieux, Observations Spatiales (LATMOS), IPSL, CNRS-UVSQ-UPMC, 75005 Paris, France"}]},{"given":"Catherine","family":"Prigent","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Observatoire de Paris, 75016 Paris, France"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8446-347X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Patrick","family":"Rairoux","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institut Lumi\u00e8re Mati\u00e8re, UMR5306 Universit\u00e9 Lyon 1-CNRS, Universit\u00e9 de Lyon, 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