{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,30]],"date-time":"2026-05-30T00:43:07Z","timestamp":1780101787716,"version":"3.54.0"},"reference-count":79,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,10,30]],"date-time":"2017-10-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1509321600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"ECOPOTENTIAL","award":["641762"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["641762"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004543","name":"China Scholarship Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["201608340066"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["201608340066"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004543","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"China Ministry of Agriculture","award":["2015-Z44, 2016-X34"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2015-Z44, 2016-X34"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Remote Sensing"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Field spectroscopy has been suggested to be an efficient method for predicting soil properties using quantitative mathematical models in a rapid and non-destructive manner. Traditional multivariate regression algorithms usually regard the modeling of each soil property as a single task, which means only one response variable is considered as the output during modeling. Therefore, these algorithms are less suitable for the prediction of several key soil properties with low concentrations or unobvious spectral absorption signals. In the current study, we investigated the performance of a linear multi-task learning (LMTL) algorithm based on a regularized dirty model for modeling and predicting several key soil properties using field spectroscopy (350\u20132500 nm) as an integrated approach. We tested seven key soil properties including available nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P) and potassium (K), pH, water content (WC), organic matter (OM), and electrical conductivity (EC) in drylands. The model performances of LMTL models were compared with the commonly used single-task algorithm of the partial least squares regression (PLS-R). Our results show that the LMTL models outperformed the PLS-R models with the advantage of shared features; the ratio of performance to deviation (RPD) values in the validation set improved by 10.24%, 4.93%, 25.77%, 11.76%, 6.74%, 53.13%, and 3.15% for N, P, K, pH, WC, OM, and EC, respectively. The best prediction was obtained for OM with RPD = 2.29, indicating high accuracy (RPD &gt; 2). The prediction results of N, P, WC, and pH were categorized as of moderate accuracy (1.4 &lt; RPD &lt; 2), while K and EC were categorized as of poor accuracy (RPD &lt; 1.4). However, the explanatory power of the LMTL models was moderate due to fewer features being selected by the regularization algorithm of the LMTL approach, which should be further studied in the soil spectral analysis. Our results highlight the use of LMTL in field spectroscopy analysis that can improve the generalization performance of regression models for predicting soil properties.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/rs9111099","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,10,30]],"date-time":"2017-10-30T12:16:23Z","timestamp":1509365783000},"page":"1099","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":21,"title":["Linear Multi-Task Learning for Predicting Soil Properties Using Field Spectroscopy"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"9","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2149-7119","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Haijun","family":"Qi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Information and Computer Science, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China"},{"name":"The Remote Sensing Laboratory, Jacob Blaustein Institutes for Desert Research, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Sede Boqer Campus 84990, Israel"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tarin","family":"Paz-Kagan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Department of Sensing, Information and Mechanization Engineering, Institute of Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural Research Organization (ARO), Volcani Center, Rishon LeZion 7528809, Israel"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Arnon","family":"Karnieli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Remote Sensing Laboratory, Jacob Blaustein Institutes for Desert Research, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Sede Boqer Campus 84990, Israel"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shaowen","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Information and Computer Science, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,10,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"364","DOI":"10.2136\/sssaj1995.03615995005900020014x","article-title":"Near-infared analysis as a rapid method to simultaneously evaluate several soil properties","volume":"59","author":"Banin","year":"1995","journal-title":"Soil Sci. 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