{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,23]],"date-time":"2025-10-23T05:07:21Z","timestamp":1761196041645,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":48,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,11,8]],"date-time":"2017-11-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1510099200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Remote Sensing"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Atmospheric aerosol optical depth (AOD) plays a determinant role in estimations of surface shortwave (SW) radiative fluxes. Therefore, this study aims to develop a hybrid scheme to produce surface SW fluxes, based on AOD at 1-km spatial resolution retrieved from the Simplified Aerosol Retrieval Algorithm (SARA) and several Terra MODIS land and atmospheric products (i.e., geolocation properties, water vapor amount, total ozone column, surface reflectance, and top-of-atmosphere (TOA) radiance). Estimations based on SARA were made over the Southern Great Plains (SGP) under cloud-free conditions in 2014 and compared with estimations based on the latest Terra MODIS AOD product at 3-km resolution. Validation against ground-based measurements showed that SARA-based fluxes obtain lower RMSE and bias values compared with MODIS-based estimations. MODIS-based downward and net fluxes are satisfactory, while the direct and diffuse components are less reliable. The results demonstrate that the SARA-based scheme produces better surface SW radiative fluxes than the MODIS-based estimates provided in this and other similar studies and that these fluxes are comparable to existing CERES data products which have been tested over the SGP.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/rs9111146","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,11,8]],"date-time":"2017-11-08T12:38:48Z","timestamp":1510144728000},"page":"1146","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Estimation of High-Resolution Surface Shortwave Radiative Fluxes Using SARA AOD over the Southern Great Plains"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"9","author":[{"given":"Eslam","family":"Javadnia","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing, Faculty of Geodesy & Geomatics Engineering, K. N. Toosi University of Technology, Tehran 19967-15433, Iran"},{"name":"Surveying Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, University of Zanjan, Zanjan 45371-38791, Iran"}]},{"given":"Ali","family":"Abkar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing, Faculty of Geodesy & Geomatics Engineering, K. N. Toosi University of Technology, Tehran 19967-15433, Iran"},{"name":"AgriWatch B.V., Weerninklanden 24, 7542 SC Enschede, The Netherlands"}]},{"given":"Per","family":"Schubert","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department Science, Environment and Society, Faculty of Education and Society, Malm\u00f6 University, 205 06 Malm\u00f6, Sweden"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,11,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"Solomon, S., Qin, D., Manning, M., Marquis, M., Averyt, K., Tignor, M., Miller, H., and Chen, Z. (2007). 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