{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,16]],"date-time":"2025-10-16T20:15:11Z","timestamp":1760645711491,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":16,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2009,12,28]],"date-time":"2009-12-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1261958400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/3.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The chip-based polymerase chain reaction (PCR) system has been developed in recent years to achieve DNA quantification. Using a microstructure and miniature chip, the volume consumption for a PCR can be reduced to a nano-liter. With high speed cycling and a low reaction volume, the time consumption of one PCR cycle performed on a chip can be reduced. However, most of the presented prototypes employ commercial fluorimeters which are not optimized for fluorescence detection of such a small quantity sample. This limits the performance of DNA quantification, especially low experiment reproducibility. This study discusses the concept of a chip-oriented fluorimeter design. Using the analytical model, the current study analyzes the sensitivity and dynamic range of the fluorimeter to fit the requirements for detecting fluorescence in nano-liter volumes. Through the optimized processes, a real-time PCR on a chip system with only one nano-liter volume test sample is as sensitive as the commercial real-time PCR machine using the sample with twenty micro-liter volumes. The signal to noise (S\/N) ratio of a chip system for DNA quantification with hepatitis B virus (HBV) plasmid samples is 3 dB higher. DNA quantification by the miniature chip shows higher reproducibility compared to the commercial machine with respect to samples of initial concentrations from 103 to 105 copies per reaction.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s100100146","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2009,12,28]],"date-time":"2009-12-28T13:11:40Z","timestamp":1262005900000},"page":"146-166","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Chip-Oriented Fluorimeter Design and Detection System Development for DNA Quantification in Nano-Liter Volumes"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"10","author":[{"given":"Da-Sheng","family":"Lee","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Energy and Refrigerating Air-Conditioning Engineering, National Taipei University of Technology, Taipei 10608, Taiwan"}]},{"given":"Ming-Hui","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Energy and Refrigerating Air-Conditioning Engineering, National Taipei University of Technology, Taipei 10608, Taiwan"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2009,12,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"263","DOI":"10.1101\/SQB.1986.051.01.032","article-title":"Specific enzymatic amplification of DNA in vitro: the polymerase chain reaction","volume":"51","author":"Mullis","year":"1986","journal-title":"Cold Spring Harb. Symp. Quant. Biol"},{"key":"ref_2","unstructured":"(2003). Real-Time PCR vs. Traditional PCR, Applied Biosystems. Available online: http:\/\/www.appliedbiosystems.com\/support\/tutorials\/pdf\/rtpcr_vs_tradpcr.pdf (accessed on 25 March 2009)."},{"key":"ref_3","unstructured":"Cady, N.C., Stelick, S., Kunnavakkam, M.V., Liu, Y., and Batt, C.A. (2004, January October). A microchip-based dna purification and real-time pcr biosensor for bacterial detection. Vienna, Austria."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2161","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bios.2005.10.005","article-title":"Clinical evaluation of micro-scale chip-based PCR system for rapid detection of hepatitis B virus","volume":"21","author":"Cho","year":"2006","journal-title":"Biosen. 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Adv"}],"container-title":["Sensors"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1424-8220\/10\/1\/146\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T22:12:08Z","timestamp":1760220728000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1424-8220\/10\/1\/146"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2009,12,28]]},"references-count":16,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2010,1]]}},"alternative-id":["s100100146"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/s100100146","relation":{},"ISSN":["1424-8220"],"issn-type":[{"type":"electronic","value":"1424-8220"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2009,12,28]]}}}