{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,4]],"date-time":"2025-11-04T23:04:57Z","timestamp":1762297497372,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":64,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2009,12,28]],"date-time":"2009-12-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1261958400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/3.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Dysphagia (difficulty in swallowing) is an important issue in the elderly because it causes aspiration pneumonia, which is the second largest cause of death in this group. It also causes decline in activities of daily living and quality of life. The oral phase of swallowing has been neglected, despite its importance in the evaluation of dysphagia, because adequate protocols and measuring devices are unavailable. However, recent advances in sensor technology have enabled straightforward, non-invasive measurement of the movement of important swallowing-related organs such as the lips and tongue, as well as the larynx. In this article, we report the present state and possibility of clinical application of such systems developed in Japan.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s100100176","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2009,12,28]],"date-time":"2009-12-28T13:11:40Z","timestamp":1262005900000},"page":"176-202","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":44,"title":["Recent Advances in Sensing Oropharyngeal Swallowing Function in Japan"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"10","author":[{"given":"Takahiro","family":"Ono","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Oromaxillofacial Regeneration, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, 1-8 Yamada-oka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan"}]},{"given":"Kazuhiro","family":"Hori","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Oromaxillofacial Regeneration, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, 1-8 Yamada-oka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan"},{"name":"Division of Dysphagia Rhabilitation, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, 2-5274 Gakkocho-dori, Niigata 951-8514, Japan"}]},{"given":"Yuji","family":"Masuda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Graduate School of Oral medicine, Matsumoto Dental University, 1780 Gohara, Hirooka, Shiojiri, Nagano 399-0781, Japan"}]},{"given":"Toyohiko","family":"Hayashi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biocybernetics, Faculty of Engineering, Niigata University, 8050 Ninomachi, Igarashi, Nishi-ku, Niigata 950-2181, Japan"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2009,12,28]]},"reference":[{"unstructured":"Hazzard, W.R., Blass, J.P., and Halter, J.B. (2003). Principles of Geriatric Medicine and Gerontology, McGraw Hill Inc. [5th ed].","key":"ref_1"},{"doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ono, T., Hori, K., Tamine, K., and Maeda, Y. (2009). Evaluation of Tongue Motor Biomechanics During Swallowing \/ from Oral Feeding Models to Quantitative Sensing Methods. Jpn. Dent. Sci. Rev.","key":"ref_2","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jdsr.2009.03.005"},{"key":"ref_3","first-page":"371","article-title":"Swallowing, Ingestion and Dysphagia: a Reappraisal","volume":"64","author":"Leopold","year":"1983","journal-title":"Arch. Phys. Med. Rehabil"},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"356","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01321779","article-title":"Radiographic Techniques and Interpretation of Abnormal Swallowing in Adult and Elderly Patients","volume":"8","author":"Feinberg","year":"1993","journal-title":"Dysphagia"},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"187","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02493469","article-title":"Coordination of Mastication and Swallowing","volume":"7","author":"Palmer","year":"1992","journal-title":"Dysphagia"},{"key":"ref_6","first-page":"15","article-title":"Ingestion of Oral and Pharyngeal Bolus Propulsion\u2014A New Model for the Physiology of Swallowing","volume":"1","author":"Palmer","year":"1997","journal-title":"Jpn. J. Dysphag. Rehabil"},{"key":"ref_7","first-page":"57","article-title":"Evaluation of Mastication and Swallowing of Gummy Jelly by using Digital Subtruction Angiography","volume":"40","author":"Ono","year":"2005","journal-title":"Dent. Jpn. (Tokyo)"},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"24","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1741-2358.2003.00024.x","article-title":"Factors Influencing Eating Ability of Old In-patients in a Rehabilitation Hospital in Japan","volume":"20","author":"Ono","year":"2003","journal-title":"Gerodontology"},{"key":"ref_9","first-page":"436","article-title":"The Force of Lip Closure in Children (1) The Relationship Between the Force of Lip Closure and Age","volume":"42","author":"Yoshida","year":"2004","journal-title":"Jpn. J. Ped. Dent"},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"254","DOI":"10.5927\/jjjd1991.17.254","article-title":"Relevance of Lip Pressure to Post-treatment Stability\u2013Part I: Development of a Lip Pressure Gauge and Measurement of Maximum Lip Pressure in Subjects with Normal Occlusion","volume":"17","author":"Nakao","year":"2007","journal-title":"Jpn. J. Jaw Deform"},{"key":"ref_11","first-page":"30","article-title":"Maximum Lip Closure Pressure in Growing Children","volume":"70","author":"Kinoshita","year":"2007","journal-title":"Shika Igaku"},{"key":"ref_12","first-page":"265","article-title":"Relationship Between Vertical Labial-closing Pressure and Age","volume":"9","author":"Fukui","year":"2005","journal-title":"Jpn. J. Dysphag. Rehabil"},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"520","DOI":"10.3143\/geriatrics.45.520","article-title":"Labial Closure Force, Activities of Daily Living, and Cognitive Function in Frail Elderly Persons","volume":"45","author":"Miura","year":"2008","journal-title":"Nippon Ronen Igakkai Zasshi"},{"key":"ref_14","first-page":"441","article-title":"The Force Lip Closure in Children (2) The Relationship Between the Force of Lip Closure and Occlusion","volume":"42","author":"Ono","year":"2004","journal-title":"Jpn. J. Ped. Dent"},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"58","DOI":"10.1067\/mod.2003.54","article-title":"Effects of Upper Lip Closing Force on Craniofacial Structures","volume":"123","author":"Jung","year":"2003","journal-title":"Am. J. Orthod. Dentofacial. Orthop"},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"296","DOI":"10.1631\/jzus.2007.B0296","article-title":"Pressure from the Lips and the Tongue in Children with Class III Malocclusion","volume":"8","author":"Ruan","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Zhejiang Univ. Sci. B"},{"key":"ref_17","first-page":"187","article-title":"The Activity of Orbicularis Oris Muscle During Lip Closure and Mastication in Male Adults\u2014Comparison of the Muscle Activity Amount Among Different Occlusion Types","volume":"44","author":"Otsuka","year":"2006","journal-title":"Aichi Gakuin Dent. Sci"},{"key":"ref_18","first-page":"454","article-title":"Relationship between Maxillofacial Morphology and Perioral Muscle Function","volume":"61","author":"Wakabayashi","year":"2002","journal-title":"Orthod. Waves"},{"key":"ref_19","first-page":"661","article-title":"Influence of Frenulum Labii Superioris on Lip Closure in Children","volume":"42","author":"Sabashi","year":"2004","journal-title":"Jpn. J. Ped. Dent"},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"234","DOI":"10.1016\/0889-5406(86)90070-3","article-title":"Pressure from the Lips on the Teeth and Malocclusion","volume":"90","author":"Thuer","year":"1986","journal-title":"Am. J. Orthod. Dentofacial Orthop"},{"key":"ref_21","first-page":"48","article-title":"The Relationship Between the Force of Lip Closure and Masticatory Function in Young Children","volume":"45","author":"Kogue","year":"2007","journal-title":"Jpn. J. Ped. Dent"},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"355","DOI":"10.2504\/kds.46.355","article-title":"Changes with Time in Myofunction through Lip Exercise","volume":"46","author":"Kusumoto","year":"1992","journal-title":"J. Kyushu Dent. Sci"},{"key":"ref_23","first-page":"893","article-title":"Measurement of Upper Lip Pressure in the Course of Myofunctional Therapy: The Relationship between Values of Upper Lip Pressures and Electromyogram of m. Orbicuralis Oris in Swallowing Condition","volume":"30","author":"Yawaka","year":"1992","journal-title":"Jpn. J. Ped. Dent"},{"key":"ref_24","first-page":"16","article-title":"The Relationship between Labial Pressure during Swallowing and Maximum Labial Pressure\u2014A Comparison of Adults and Elderly Subjects","volume":"6","author":"Tomita","year":"2002","journal-title":"Jpn. J. Dysphag. Rehabil"},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"660","DOI":"10.1044\/jshr.3304.660","article-title":"Ramp-and-hold Force Control in the Upper and Lower Lips: Developing New Neuromotor Assessment Applications in Traumatically Brain Injured Adults","volume":"33","author":"Barlow","year":"1990","journal-title":"J. Speech Hear. Res"},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"373","DOI":"10.1044\/jshr.2803.373","article-title":"Maximum Voluntary Closing Forces in the Upper and Lower Lips of Humans","volume":"28","author":"Barlow","year":"1985","journal-title":"J. Speech Hear. Res"},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"163","DOI":"10.1044\/jshr.2902.163","article-title":"Differential Fine Force Control of the Upper and Lower Lips","volume":"29","author":"Barlow","year":"1986","journal-title":"J. Speech Hear. Res"},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.1044\/jshr.3901.55","article-title":"Comparison of Perioral Reflex Modulation in the Upper and Lower Lip","volume":"39","author":"Barlow","year":"1996","journal-title":"J. Speech Hear. Res"},{"unstructured":"Masuda, Y., Kato, T., Sabashi, K., Nakatsuka, K., Kanayama, H., Fujimoto, M., and Morimoto, T. (2006). Characteristic of Multidirectional Lip-closing Force Measured by a New Apparatus. J. Dent. Res, 85, Special Issue B, #0392.","key":"ref_29"},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02412424","article-title":"Pressure-flow Dynamics of the Oral Phase of Swallowing","volume":"3","author":"Shaker","year":"1988","journal-title":"Dysphagia"},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"655","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02368453","article-title":"A Kinematic Study of the Oropharyngeal Swallowing of a Liquid","volume":"18","author":"Ku","year":"1998","journal-title":"Ann. Biomed. Eng"},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"152","DOI":"10.1016\/0016-5085(93)90847-6","article-title":"Deglutitive Tongue Action\u2014Volume Accommodation and Bolus Propulsion","volume":"104","author":"Kahrilas","year":"1993","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"ref_33","first-page":"G675","article-title":"Effect of Swallowed Bolus Variables on Oral and Pharyngeal Phases of Swallowing","volume":"258","author":"Dantas","year":"1990","journal-title":"Am. J. Physio"},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1418","DOI":"10.1016\/0016-5085(95)90690-8","article-title":"Deglutitive Tongue Force Modulation by Volition, Volume, and Viscosity in Humans","volume":"108","author":"Pouderoux","year":"1995","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"M634","DOI":"10.1093\/gerona\/55.11.M634","article-title":"Age Effects on the Temporal Evolution of Isometric and Swallowing Pressure","volume":"55","author":"Nicosia","year":"2000","journal-title":"J. Gerontol. A. Biol. Sci. Med. Sci"},{"key":"ref_36","first-page":"385","article-title":"A Novel Handy Probe for Tongue Pressure Measurement","volume":"15","author":"Hayashi","year":"2002","journal-title":"Int. J. Prosthodont"},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"286","DOI":"10.1007\/s00455-007-9142-z","article-title":"Standard Values of Maximum Tongue Pressure Taken Using Newly Developed Disposable Tongue Pressure Measurement Device","volume":"23","author":"Utanohara","year":"2008","journal-title":"Dysphagia"},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.1007\/s00455-005-9011-6","article-title":"Decreased Tongue Pressure Reflects Symptom of Dysphagia","volume":"21","author":"Yoshida","year":"2006","journal-title":"Dysphagia"},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"143","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1741-2358.2007.00172.x","article-title":"Influence of Bite Force and Tongue Pressure on Oro-Pharyngeal Residue in the Elderly","volume":"24","author":"Ono","year":"2007","journal-title":"Gerodontology"},{"key":"ref_40","first-page":"134","article-title":"Effect of Trunk and Head Posture on Lingual Pressure up to the Palate During Swallowing","volume":"17","author":"Murayama","year":"1996","journal-title":"JJSDH"},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"361","DOI":"10.5357\/koubyou.66.361","article-title":"Effects of Wearing Complete Dentures on Swallowing in Elderly","volume":"66","author":"Furuya","year":"1999","journal-title":"J. Jpn. Stomatol. Soc"},{"key":"ref_42","first-page":"303","article-title":"Tongue Pressure on the Palate During Deglutition","volume":"58","author":"Saito","year":"1999","journal-title":"Orthod. Waves"},{"key":"ref_43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"379","DOI":"10.2186\/jjps.44.379","article-title":"Observation of Tongue Pressure to Palate at Swallowing: Comparison Between Young Dentition and Elderly Complete Denture Wearers","volume":"44","author":"Kitaoka","year":"2000","journal-title":"J. Jpn. Prosthodont. Soc"},{"key":"ref_44","first-page":"171","article-title":"A Basic Study on Tongue Pressure during Normal Swallowing. Assessment of the Reproducibility and Individual Differences","volume":"49","author":"Yokoyama","year":"2000","journal-title":"J. Jpn. Stomatol. Soc"},{"key":"ref_45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16","DOI":"10.2186\/prp.1.16","article-title":"Influence of Changes in Occlusal Vertical Dimension on Tongue Pressure to Palate during Swallowing","volume":"1","author":"Nagao","year":"2002","journal-title":"Prosthodont. Res. Pract"},{"key":"ref_46","first-page":"93","article-title":"Evaluation of Shifting of Linguopalatal Pressure\u2014Effect of Palatal Plate Thickness on Lingual Movement During Swallowing","volume":"6","author":"Yorozuya","year":"2002","journal-title":"Jpn. J. Dysphag. Rehabil"},{"key":"ref_47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"259","DOI":"10.1007\/s00455-004-0010-9","article-title":"Pattern of Tongue Pressure on Hard Palate during Swallowing","volume":"19","author":"Ono","year":"2004","journal-title":"Dysphagia"},{"key":"ref_48","first-page":"151","article-title":"Evaluation of Tongue-jaw-swallow Related Muscle Coordination during Voluntarily Triggered Swallow","volume":"22","author":"Ono","year":"2009","journal-title":"Int. J. Prosthodont"},{"key":"ref_49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"187","DOI":"10.1177\/154405910608500214","article-title":"Coordination of Tongue Pressure and Jaw Movement in Mastication","volume":"85","author":"Hori","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Dent. Res"},{"key":"ref_50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"227","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1741-2358.2005.00089.x","article-title":"Tongue Pressure against Hard Palate during Swallowing in Post-Stroke Patients","volume":"22","author":"Hori","year":"2005","journal-title":"Gerodontology"},{"key":"ref_51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"240","DOI":"10.2186\/prp.7.240","article-title":"Application of Tongue Pressure Measurement to Rehabilitation of Dysphagic Patients with Prosthesis","volume":"7","author":"Ono","year":"2008","journal-title":"Prosthodont. Res. Pract"},{"key":"ref_52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"28","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpor.2008.08.008","article-title":"A Newly Developed Sensor Sheet for Measuring Tongue Pressure in Swallowing","volume":"53","author":"Hori","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Prosthodont. Res"},{"unstructured":"Malacaria, C. (1998). A Thin, Flexible, Matrix Based Sensor. Sensors Mag, 102\u2013104.","key":"ref_53"},{"key":"ref_54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"259","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00265212","article-title":"An Electronic Device Measuring the Frequency of Spontaneous Swallowing: Digital Phagometer","volume":"11","author":"Pehlivan","year":"1996","journal-title":"Dysphagia"},{"key":"ref_55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.7144\/sgf.8.25","article-title":"Analysis of Swallowing Movement using a Simple and Safe Device","volume":"8","author":"Takagi","year":"2001","journal-title":"J. Jpn. Soc. Stomatognath. Funct"},{"key":"ref_56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"405","DOI":"10.1016\/S1350-4533(00)00047-3","article-title":"Measurements of Acceleration during Videofluorographic Evaluation of Dysphagic Patients","volume":"22","author":"Reddy","year":"2000","journal-title":"Med. Eng. Phys"},{"key":"ref_57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"162","DOI":"10.7144\/sgf.10.162","article-title":"The Analysis of the Swallow Dynamic Phase using Piezo-Electric Pulse Transducer","volume":"10","author":"Toyosato","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Jpn. Soc. Stomatognath. Funct"},{"key":"ref_58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"272","DOI":"10.2186\/prp.6.272","article-title":"A Relation between the Piezo-Electric Pulse Transducer Waveforms and Food Bolus Passage during Pharyngeal Phase","volume":"6","author":"Toyosato","year":"2007","journal-title":"Prosthodont. Res. Pract"},{"key":"ref_59","first-page":"42","article-title":"Examination of Swallowing Evaluation Method at the Bedside","volume":"26","author":"Toyosato","year":"2007","journal-title":"JADS"},{"key":"ref_60","first-page":"210","article-title":"Neck Electrical Impedance for Measurement of Swallowing","volume":"118-A","author":"Yamamoto","year":"1998","journal-title":"Trans. of IEE"},{"unstructured":"Kusuhara, T., Nakamura, T., Yamamoto, Y., Seki, Y., Akashi, K., and Jikuya, K. (1998). Swallowing Evaluation using Parameter Analysis of IPG. Technical Report of IEICE, 15\u201321. (in Japanese, abstract in English).","key":"ref_61"},{"key":"ref_62","first-page":"73","article-title":"Relationship between Rice-Gruel Properties and Swallowing Motion\u2014Evaluation by Simultaneous Measurement of Larynx Movement, Electromyogram and Swallowing Sound","volume":"6","author":"Hayashi","year":"2002","journal-title":"Jpn. J. Dysphag. Rehabil"},{"unstructured":"Murayama, A., Hayashi, T., Nakamura, Y., and Michimi, N. (2005). Improvement of Larynx-Motion Measurement System SFN-2. 61\u201364. (in Japanese, abstract in English).","key":"ref_63"},{"unstructured":"Fujita, S., Hayashi, T., Nakamura, Y., and Michimi, N. (,  2007). Analysis of Laryngeal Elevation during Swallowing Using Skin-contour Change in Anterior Region of the Neck. Tokyo, Japan. (in Japanese).","key":"ref_64"}],"container-title":["Sensors"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1424-8220\/10\/1\/176\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T22:12:08Z","timestamp":1760220728000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1424-8220\/10\/1\/176"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2009,12,28]]},"references-count":64,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2010,1]]}},"alternative-id":["s100100176"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/s100100176","relation":{},"ISSN":["1424-8220"],"issn-type":[{"type":"electronic","value":"1424-8220"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2009,12,28]]}}}