{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,13]],"date-time":"2025-10-13T15:21:09Z","timestamp":1760368869223,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2009,12,28]],"date-time":"2009-12-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1261958400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/3.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The article presents a complex system of design, in situ visualization and control of the commonly used surface treatment process: the gas nitriding process. In the computer design conception, analytical mathematical models and artificial intelligence methods were used. As a result, possibilities were obtained of the poly-optimization and poly-parametric simulations of the course of the process combined with a visualization of the value changes of the process parameters in the function of time, as well as possibilities to predict the properties of nitrided layers. For in situ visualization of the growth of the nitrided layer, computer procedures were developed which make use of the results of the correlations of direct and differential voltage and time runs of the process result sensor (magnetic sensor), with the proper layer growth stage. Computer procedures make it possible to combine, in the duration of the process, the registered voltage and time runs with the models of the process.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s100100218","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2009,12,28]],"date-time":"2009-12-28T13:11:40Z","timestamp":1262005900000},"page":"218-240","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Design, Control and in Situ Visualization of Gas Nitriding Processes"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"10","author":[{"given":"Jerzy","family":"Ratajski","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Mechatronics, Nanotechnology and Vacuum Technique, Koszalin University of Technology, Poland"}]},{"given":"Roman","family":"Olik","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Mechatronics, Nanotechnology and Vacuum Technique, Koszalin University of Technology, Poland"}]},{"given":"Tomasz","family":"Suszko","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Mechatronics, Nanotechnology and Vacuum Technique, Koszalin University of Technology, Poland"}]},{"given":"Jerzy","family":"Dobrodziej","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Sustainable Technology, Radom, Poland"}]},{"given":"Jerzy","family":"Michalski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Precision Mechanics, Warsaw, Poland"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2009,12,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"179","DOI":"10.1016\/S0927-0256(03)00106-X","article-title":"Software products for modelling and simulation in materials science","volume":"28","author":"Malinov","year":"2003","journal-title":"Comput. 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