{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,2]],"date-time":"2026-01-02T07:29:44Z","timestamp":1767338984915,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":13,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2010,1,5]],"date-time":"2010-01-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1262649600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/3.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>This paper presents an intelligent system allowing handicapped aphasiacs to perform basic communication tasks. It has the following three key features: (1) A 6-sensor data glove measures the finger gestures of a patient in terms of the bending degrees of his fingers. (2) A finger language recognition subsystem recognizes language components from the finger gestures. It employs multiple regression analysis to automatically extract proper finger features so that the recognition model can be fast and correctly constructed by a radial basis function neural network. (3) A coordinate-indexed virtual keyboard allows the users to directly access the letters on the keyboard at a practical speed. The system serves as a viable tool for natural and affordable communication for handicapped aphasiacs through continuous finger language input.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s100100374","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2010,1,5]],"date-time":"2010-01-05T11:04:20Z","timestamp":1262689460000},"page":"374-387","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Building Intelligent Communication Systems for Handicapped Aphasiacs"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"10","author":[{"given":"Yu-Fen","family":"Fu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Computer Science and Information Engineering, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, No. 43, Section 4, KeeLung Road, Taipei 106, Taiwan"},{"name":"Department of Management of Information Systems, China University of Technology, No. 56, Section 3, Shinglung Road, Wenshan District, Taipei 116, Taiwan"}]},{"given":"Cheng-Seen","family":"Ho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Information Technology and Communication, Tuangnan University, No. 152, Section 3, PeiShen Road, ShenKeng, Taipei 22202, Taiwan"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2010,1,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"Gilden, D.B., and Smallridge, B. (,  1993). Touching Reality: A Robotic Fingerspelling Hand for Deaf-Blind Persons. Seattle, WA, USA. Available online: http:\/\/www.csun.edu\/cod\/conf\/1993\/proceedings\/TR~1.htm\/ (accessed on September 11, 2004)."},{"key":"ref_2","unstructured":"Meade, A. (,  1987). Dexter\u2014A Finger-Spelling Hand for the Deaf-Blind. Raleigh, NC, USA."},{"key":"ref_3","first-page":"4","article-title":"The Role of Gestures and Sign Language in Aural Rehabilitation for Hearing Impaired Children","volume":"5","author":"Kai","year":"2004","journal-title":"Chinese Sci. J. Hear. Speech Rehabil"},{"key":"ref_4","first-page":"290","article-title":"A Recognition System of Single-Hand Words in CSL","volume":"15","author":"Zou","year":"2003","journal-title":"System Simul"},{"key":"ref_5","first-page":"23","article-title":"A Fast Sign Word Recognition Technique for Chinese Sign Language","volume":"11","author":"Wu","year":"2001","journal-title":"Commun. 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Japanese Input System with Digits: Can Japanese Be Input Only with Consonants. San Diego, CA, USA.","DOI":"10.3115\/1072133.1072196"},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1088\/0964-1726\/17\/2\/025031","article-title":"Development of a Programmable Digital Glove","volume":"17","author":"Fu","year":"2008","journal-title":"Smart Mater. Struct"},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Fu, Y.F., and Ho, C.S. (,  2009). A Fast Text-based Communication System for Handicapped Aphasiacs. Kyoto, Japan. IIH-MSP-2009-IS20-01,.","DOI":"10.1109\/IIH-MSP.2009.251"},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"265","DOI":"10.1111\/j.2044-8317.1992.tb00992.x","article-title":"Backward, Forward and Stepwise Automated Subset Selection Algorithms: Frequency of Obtaining Authentic and Noise Variables","volume":"45","author":"Derksen","year":"1992","journal-title":"Brit. J. Math. Statist. Psychol"},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"932","DOI":"10.1080\/08839510903363487","article-title":"A User-Dependent Easily-Adjusted Static Finger Language Recognition System for Handicapped Aphasiacs","volume":"23","author":"Fu","year":"2009","journal-title":"Appl. Artif. 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