{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,12]],"date-time":"2026-01-12T20:34:16Z","timestamp":1768250056633,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":24,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2010,1,11]],"date-time":"2010-01-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1263168000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/3.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>OBJECTIVES: To determine the optimal clinical reading time for the transcutaneous measurement of oxygen saturation (SpO ) and transcutaneous CO2 (TcPCO2) in awake spontaneously breathing individuals, considering the overshoot phenomenon (transient overestimation of arterial PaCO2). EXPERIMENTAL SECTION: Observational study of 91 (75 men) individuals undergoing forced spirometry, measurement of SpO2 and TcPCO2 with the SenTec monitor every two minutes until minute 20 and arterial blood gas (ABG) analysis. Overshoot severity: (a) mild (0.1\u20131.9 mm Hg); (b) moderate (2\u20134.9 mm Hg); (c) severe: (&gt;5 mm Hg). The mean difference was calculated for SpO2 and TcPCO2 and arterial values of PaCO2 and SpO2. The intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) between monitor readings and blood values was calculated as a measure of agreement. RESULTS: The mean age was 63.1 \u00b1 11.8 years. Spirometric values: FVC: 75.4 \u00b1 6.2%; FEV1: 72.9 \u00b1 23.9%; FEV1\/FVC: 70 \u00b1 15.5%. ABG: PaO2: 82.6 \u00b1 13.2; PaCO2: 39.9.1 \u00b1 4.8 mmHg; SaO2: 95.3 \u00b1 4.4%. Overshoot analysis: overshoot was mild in 33 (36.3%) patients, moderate in 20 (22%) and severe in nine (10%); no overshoot was observed in 29 (31%) patients. The lowest mean differences between arterial blood gas and TcPCO2 was \u20130.57 mmHg at minute 10, although the highest ICC was obtained at minutes 12 and 14 (&gt;0.8). The overshoot lost its influence after minute 12. For SpO2, measurements were reliable at minute 2. CONCLUSIONS: The optimal clinical reading measurement recommended for the ear lobe TcPCO2 measurement ranges between minute 12 and 14. The SpO2 measurement can be performed at minute 2.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s100100491","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2010,1,13]],"date-time":"2010-01-13T04:04:25Z","timestamp":1263355465000},"page":"491-500","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Optimal Clinical Time for Reliable Measurement of Transcutaneous CO2 with Ear Probes: Counterbalancing Overshoot and the Vasodilatation Effect"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"10","author":[{"given":"Christian","family":"Domingo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Pneumology Service, Hospital de Sabadell, Corporaci\u00f3 Parc Taul\u00ed, Sabadell 08208, Spain"},{"name":"Department of Medicine, Autonomous University of Barcelona (UAB), Cerdanyola del Valles, Barcelona 08193, Spain"}]},{"given":"Elisa","family":"Canturri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pneumology Service, Hospital de Sabadell, Corporaci\u00f3 Parc Taul\u00ed, Sabadell 08208, Spain"},{"name":"Department of Medicine, Autonomous University of Barcelona (UAB), Cerdanyola del Valles, Barcelona 08193, Spain"}]},{"given":"Amalia","family":"Moreno","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pneumology Service, Hospital de Sabadell, Corporaci\u00f3 Parc Taul\u00ed, Sabadell 08208, Spain"},{"name":"Department of Medicine, Autonomous University of Barcelona (UAB), Cerdanyola del Valles, Barcelona 08193, Spain"}]},{"given":"Humildad","family":"Espuelas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pneumology Service, Hospital de Sabadell, Corporaci\u00f3 Parc Taul\u00ed, Sabadell 08208, Spain"},{"name":"Department of Medicine, Autonomous University of Barcelona (UAB), Cerdanyola del Valles, Barcelona 08193, Spain"}]},{"given":"Laura","family":"Vigil","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pneumology Service, Hospital de Sabadell, Corporaci\u00f3 Parc Taul\u00ed, Sabadell 08208, Spain"},{"name":"Department of Medicine, Autonomous University of Barcelona (UAB), Cerdanyola del Valles, Barcelona 08193, Spain"}]},{"given":"Manel","family":"Luj\u00e1n","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pneumology Service, Hospital de Sabadell, Corporaci\u00f3 Parc Taul\u00ed, Sabadell 08208, Spain"},{"name":"Department of Medicine, Autonomous University of Barcelona (UAB), Cerdanyola del Valles, Barcelona 08193, Spain"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2010,1,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"230","DOI":"10.1159\/000196550","article-title":"Evaluation of the use of three different devices for nocturnal oxygen therapy in COPD patients","volume":"63","author":"Domingo","year":"1996","journal-title":"Respiration"},{"key":"ref_2","first-page":"149","article-title":"Acute and long-term haemodynamic response to home oxygen therapy: nasal prongs versus oxygen saving devices","volume":"4","author":"Domingo","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. 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