{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,21]],"date-time":"2026-02-21T08:29:15Z","timestamp":1771662555733,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2010,2,11]],"date-time":"2010-02-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1265846400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/3.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The measurement of trace analytes in aqueous systems has become increasingly important for understanding ocean primary productivity. In oceanography, iron (Fe) is a key element in regulating ocean productivity, microplankton assemblages and has been identified as a causative element in the development of some harmful algal blooms.The chemosenor developed in this study is based on an indicator displacement approach that utilizes time-resolved fluorescence and fluorescence resonance energy transfer as the sensing mechanism to achieve detection of Fe3+ ions as low as 5 nM. This novel approach holds promise for the development of photoactive chemosensors for ocean deployment.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s100201326","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2010,2,11]],"date-time":"2010-02-11T11:08:27Z","timestamp":1265886507000},"page":"1326-1337","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":45,"title":["A Lanthanide-Based Chemosensor for Bioavailable Fe3+ Using a Fluorescent Siderophore: An Assay Displacement Approach"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"10","author":[{"given":"Karen M.","family":"Orcutt","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Marine Science, University of Southern Mississippi, 1020 Balch Blvd. Stennis Space Center, MS 39529, USA"}]},{"given":"W. Scott","family":"Jones","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Southern Mississippi, 118 College Drive, Hattiesburg, MS 39406, USA"}]},{"given":"Andrea","family":"McDonald","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Southern Mississippi, 118 College Drive, Hattiesburg, MS 39406, USA"}]},{"given":"David","family":"Schrock","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Southern Mississippi, 118 College Drive, Hattiesburg, MS 39406, USA"}]},{"given":"Karl J.","family":"Wallace","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Southern Mississippi, 118 College Drive, Hattiesburg, MS 39406, USA"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2010,2,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"685","DOI":"10.1038\/35037696","article-title":"Oceanography: Stirring times in the Southern Ocean","volume":"407","author":"Chisholm","year":"2000","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1009","DOI":"10.4319\/lo.1999.44.4.1009","article-title":"Inducing iron limitation in iron-replete coastal waters with a strong chelating ligand","volume":"44","author":"Hutchins","year":"1999","journal-title":"Limnol. Oceanogr"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1002","DOI":"10.4319\/lo.1999.44.4.1002","article-title":"Manipulating iron availability in nearshore waters","volume":"44","author":"Wells","year":"1999","journal-title":"Limnol. Oceanogr"},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.marchem.2003.10.003","article-title":"Controlling iron availability to phytoplankton in iron-replete coastal waters","volume":"86","author":"Wells","year":"2004","journal-title":"Mar. Chem"},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"157","DOI":"10.1016\/0304-4203(94)00055-I","article-title":"Iron chemistry in seawater and its relationship to phytoplankton: a workshop report","volume":"48","author":"Well","year":"1995","journal-title":"Mar. Chem"},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1019","DOI":"10.1128\/AEM.01670-06","article-title":"Luminescent whole-cell cyanobacterial bioreporter for measuring Fe availability in diverse marine environments","volume":"73","author":"Boyanapalli","year":"2007","journal-title":"Appl. Environ. Microbiol"},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"215","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1574-6968.2002.tb11134.x","article-title":"Construction and initial characterization of a luminescent Synechoccus sp. PCC 7942 Fe-dependant bioreporter","volume":"209","author":"Durham","year":"2002","journal-title":"FEMS Microbiol. Lett"},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"324","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1529-8817.2006.00203.x","article-title":"Optimization of iron-dependant cyanobacterial (Synechoccocus, Cyanophyceae) bioreporters to measure iron availability","volume":"42","author":"Hassler","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Phycol"},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"475","DOI":"10.1080\/14634980490513364","article-title":"Consideration of the bioavailability of iron in the North American Great Lakes: Development of novel approaches toward understanding iron biogeochemistry","volume":"7","author":"McKay","year":"2004","journal-title":"Aquat. Ecosyst. Health Manag"},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1033","DOI":"10.1093\/plankt\/fbi070","article-title":"Bioavailable iron in oligotrophic Lake Superior assessed using biological reporters","volume":"27","author":"McKay","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Plankton Res"},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1029\/2005GB002476","article-title":"Tracking changes in bioavailable Fe within high-nutrient low-chlorophyll oceanic waters: a first estimate using a heterotrophic bacterial bioreporter","volume":"19","author":"Mioni","year":"2005","journal-title":"Global Biogeochem. Cycles"},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1016\/S0304-4203(03)00094-X","article-title":"Characterization and field trials of a bioluminescent bacterial reporter of iron availability","volume":"83","author":"Mioni","year":"2003","journal-title":"Mar. Chem"},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"233","DOI":"10.3354\/ame041233","article-title":"Virus and siderophore-mediated transfer of available Fe between heterotrophic bacteria: characterization using an Fe-specific reporter","volume":"41","author":"Mioni","year":"2005","journal-title":"Aquat. Microb. Ecol"},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"64","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1529-8817.2003.02068.x","article-title":"Physiological characterization of Synechococcus sp. (cyanophyceae) strain PCC 7942 iron-dependant bioreporter for freshwater environments","volume":"39","author":"Porta","year":"2003","journal-title":"J. Phycol"},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"239","DOI":"10.3354\/ame046239","article-title":"Variability in the in situ bioavailability of Fe to bacterioplankton communities in the eastern subtropical Pacific Ocean","volume":"46","author":"Mioni","year":"2007","journal-title":"Aquat. Microb. Ecol"},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5040","DOI":"10.1021\/ac060223t","article-title":"Fluorescence-based siderophore biosensor for the determination of bioavailable iron in oceanic waters","volume":"78","author":"Jickells","year":"2006","journal-title":"Anal. Chem"},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"247","DOI":"10.1016\/j.memsci.2006.11.021","article-title":"A liposome-based nanodevice for sequestering siderophore-bound Fe","volume":"288","author":"Orcutt","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Membrane Sci"},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1006\/abio.2002.5611","article-title":"A review of fluorescence methods for assessing labile iron in cells and biological fluids","volume":"304","author":"Epsztejn","year":"2002","journal-title":"Anal. Biochem"},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"188","DOI":"10.1007\/s007750050304","article-title":"Fluorescent siderophore-based chemosensors: iron (III) quantitative determinations","volume":"4","author":"Marmolle","year":"1999","journal-title":"J. Biol. Inorg. Chem"},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1515","DOI":"10.1021\/cr960386p","article-title":"Signaling recognition events with fluorescent sensors and switches","volume":"97","author":"Gunaratne","year":"1997","journal-title":"Chem. Rev"},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8271","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tet.2008.04.105","article-title":"A colorimetric chemodosimeter for Pd(II): a method for detecting residual palladium in cross-coupling reactions","volume":"64","author":"Houk","year":"2008","journal-title":"Tetrahedron"},{"key":"ref_22","unstructured":"Atwood, J.L., and Steed, J.W. (2006). Encyclopedia of Supramolecular Chemistry, Taylor & Francis. [1st ed]."},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"963","DOI":"10.1021\/ar9600796","article-title":"Teaching old indicators new tricks","volume":"34","author":"Wiskur","year":"2001","journal-title":"Acc. Chem. Res"},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"311","DOI":"10.1016\/0020-1693(95)90073-F","article-title":"Coordination equilibria and water exchange kinetics of lanthanide(III) propylenediaminetetraacetates and other magnetic resonance imaging related complexes","volume":"235","author":"Graeppi","year":"1995","journal-title":"Inorg Chimi. Acta"},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4823","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.052587499","article-title":"Supramolecular recognition: On the kinetic lability of thermodynamically stable host-guest association complexes","volume":"99","author":"Goshe","year":"2002","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci"},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1897","DOI":"10.1021\/cr010299j","article-title":"Lanthanide-Containing molecular and supramolecular polymetallic functional assemblies","volume":"102","author":"Bunzli","year":"2002","journal-title":"Chem. Rev"},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2389","DOI":"10.1021\/cr010450p","article-title":"Lanthanide complexes in molecular recognition and chirality sensing of biological substrates","volume":"102","author":"Tsukube","year":"2002","journal-title":"Chem. Rev"},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"275","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.biophys.31.101101.140927","article-title":"Principles and biophysical applications of lanthanide-based probes","volume":"31","author":"Selvin","year":"2002","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Biophys. Biomol. Struct"},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3543","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ica.2007.04.049","article-title":"Adducts of europium b-diketonates with nitrogen p,p\u2032-disubstituted bipyridine and phenanthroline ligands: Synthesis structural characterization, and luminescence studies","volume":"360","author":"Maeyer","year":"2007","journal-title":"Inorg. Chimi. Acta"},{"key":"ref_30","first-page":"584","article-title":"Reversed siderophores as antimalarial agents. II. Selective scavenging of Fe (III) from parasitized erythrocytes by a fluorescent derivitive of Desferal","volume":"40","author":"Lytton","year":"1991","journal-title":"Mol. Pharmacol"},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10648","DOI":"10.1021\/ja062597+","article-title":"\u201cCymothoe sangaris\u201d: An extremely stable and highly luminescent 1,2-hydroxypyridinonate chelate of Eu(III)","volume":"128","author":"Moore","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Am. Chem. Soc"},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9413","DOI":"10.1021\/ja048022z","article-title":"Hghly Luminescent, Triple- and quadruple-stranded dinuclear Eu, Nd, and Sm(III) lanthanide complexes based on bis-diketonates?","volume":"126","author":"Bassett","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Am. Chem. Soc"},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3542","DOI":"10.1021\/ic971602v","article-title":"Synthesis, X-ray structure, spectroscopic characterization, and theoretical prediction of the Structure and Electronic Spectrum of Eu (btfa)3\u00b7bipy and an assesessment of the effect of fluorine as \u03b2-diketone substituent on the ligand-metal energy transfer proces","volume":"37","author":"Batista","year":"1998","journal-title":"Inorg. Chem"},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2512","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ccr.2008.07.018","article-title":"\u201cRecent developments in the field of supramolecular lanthanide luminescent sensors and self-assemblies\u201d","volume":"252","author":"Harte","year":"2008","journal-title":"Coord. Chem. Rev"},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1585","DOI":"10.1021\/ic970103r","article-title":"\u201cMolecular Recognition with lanthanide(III) tris(\u03b2-diketonate) complexes: extraction, transport, and chiral recognition of unprotected amino acids\u201d","volume":"37","author":"Tsukube","year":"1998","journal-title":"Inorg. Chem"},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"434","DOI":"10.1021\/ja8077889","article-title":"A highly selective luminescent sensor for the time-gated detection of potassium","volume":"131","author":"Thibon","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Am. Chem. Soc"},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9440","DOI":"10.1021\/ac901853g","article-title":"Multiplexed determination of protein biomarkers using metal-tagged antibodies and size exclusion chromatography-inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry","volume":"81","author":"Terenghi","year":"2009","journal-title":"Anal. Chem"},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"448","DOI":"10.1039\/B811373D","article-title":"Luminescence of metallomesogens in the liquid crystal state","volume":"19","author":"Binnemans","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Mater. Chem"},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12538","DOI":"10.1021\/jp9005179","article-title":"Novel near-infrared luminescent hybrid materials covalently linking with lanthanide [Nd(III), Er(III), Yb(III), and Sm(III)] complexes via a primary \u03b2-Diketone ligand: synthesis and photophysical studies","volume":"113","author":"Guo","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Phys. Chem. C"},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4283","DOI":"10.1021\/cr8003983","article-title":"Lanthanide-Based Luminescent Hybrid Materials","volume":"109","author":"Binnemans","year":"2009","journal-title":"Chem. Rev"},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"218","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI116174","article-title":"The Antimalarial action of desferal involves a direct access route to erythrocytic (Plasmodium Falciparum) parasites","volume":"91","author":"Loyevsky","year":"1993","journal-title":"J. Clin. Invest"}],"container-title":["Sensors"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1424-8220\/10\/2\/1326\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T22:01:28Z","timestamp":1760220088000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1424-8220\/10\/2\/1326"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2010,2,11]]},"references-count":41,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2010,2]]}},"alternative-id":["s100201326"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/s100201326","relation":{},"ISSN":["1424-8220"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1424-8220","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2010,2,11]]}}}