{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,16]],"date-time":"2025-12-16T12:13:29Z","timestamp":1765887209043,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":10,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2010,4,14]],"date-time":"2010-04-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1271203200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/3.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>We propose a new optical sensor to characterize the solid-liquid phase transition in salted solutions. The probe mainly consists of a Raman spectrometer that extracts the vibrational properties from the light scattered by the salty medium. The spectrum of the O-H stretching band was shown to be strongly affected by the introduction of NaCl and the temperature change as well. A parameter SD defined as the ratio of the integrated intensities of two parts of this band allows to study the temperature and concentration dependences of the phase transition. Then, an easy and efficient signal processing and the exploitation of a modified Boltzmann equation give information on the phase transition. Validations were done on solutions with varying concentration of NaCl.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s100403815","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2010,4,15]],"date-time":"2010-04-15T10:51:29Z","timestamp":1271328689000},"page":"3815-3823","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Optical Sensor for Characterizing the Phase Transition in Salted Solutions"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"10","author":[{"given":"R\u00e9my","family":"Claverie","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratoire R\u00e9gional des Ponts et Chauss\u00e9es de Nancy, Centre d\u2019 \u00c9tudes Techniques de l\u2019 \u00c9quipement de l\u2019Est \u2013 71 rue de la grande haie, 54510 Tomblaine, France"}]},{"given":"Marc D.","family":"Fontana","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratoire Mat\u00e9riaux Optiques, Photonique et Syst\u00e8mes, University Paul Verlaine of Metz and Sup\u00e9lec \u2013 2 rue Edouard Belin, 57070 Metz, France"}]},{"given":"Ivana","family":"Duri\u010dkovi\u0107","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratoire R\u00e9gional des Ponts et Chauss\u00e9es de Nancy, Centre d\u2019 \u00c9tudes Techniques de l\u2019 \u00c9quipement de l\u2019Est \u2013 71 rue de la grande haie, 54510 Tomblaine, France"},{"name":"Laboratoire Mat\u00e9riaux Optiques, Photonique et Syst\u00e8mes, University Paul Verlaine of Metz and Sup\u00e9lec \u2013 2 rue Edouard Belin, 57070 Metz, France"}]},{"given":"Patrice","family":"Bourson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratoire Mat\u00e9riaux Optiques, Photonique et Syst\u00e8mes, University Paul Verlaine of Metz and Sup\u00e9lec \u2013 2 rue Edouard Belin, 57070 Metz, France"}]},{"given":"Mario","family":"Marchetti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratoire R\u00e9gional des Ponts et Chauss\u00e9es de Nancy, Centre d\u2019 \u00c9tudes Techniques de l\u2019 \u00c9quipement de l\u2019Est \u2013 71 rue de la grande haie, 54510 Tomblaine, France"}]},{"given":"Jean-Marie","family":"Chassot","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratoire R\u00e9gional des Ponts et Chauss\u00e9es de Nancy, Centre d\u2019 \u00c9tudes Techniques de l\u2019 \u00c9quipement de l\u2019Est \u2013 71 rue de la grande haie, 54510 Tomblaine, France"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2010,4,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"Colomban, Ph. (2002). Raman imaging of materials and heterogeneous devices. Techniques de l\u2019ing\u00e9nieur, RE-5:13."},{"key":"ref_2","first-page":"2865-1","article-title":"Spectrom\u00e9trie Raman","volume":"9","author":"Barbillat","year":"1999","journal-title":"Techniques de l\u2019ing\u00e9nieur"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"224511","DOI":"10.1063\/1.2925258","article-title":"IR and Raman spectra of liquid water: Theory and interpretation","volume":"128","author":"Auer","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Chem. Phys"},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"863","DOI":"10.1002\/1097-4555(200008\/09)31:8\/9<863::AID-JRS630>3.0.CO;2-C","article-title":"Valence band of liquid water Raman scattering: some peculiarities and applications in the diagnostics of water media","volume":"31","author":"Dolenko","year":"2000","journal-title":"J. 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Liq"},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chemphyslip.2005.09.003","article-title":"Determination of phase transition temperatures of lipids by light scattering","volume":"139","author":"Michel","year":"2006","journal-title":"Chem. Phys. lipids"},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chemphyslip.2005.03.006","article-title":"Exotic aqueous behavior of synthetic lipids: formation of vesicular nanotubes","volume":"136","author":"Polidori","year":"2005","journal-title":"Chem. 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