{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,18]],"date-time":"2026-03-18T17:48:47Z","timestamp":1773856127842,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2010,5,10]],"date-time":"2010-05-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1273449600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/3.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The fabrication of novel uranyl (UO22+) binding protein based sensors is reported. The new biosensor responds to picomolar levels of aqueous uranyl ions within minutes using Lysinibacillus sphaericus JG-A12 S-layer protein tethered to gold electrodes. In comparison to traditional self assembled monolayer based biosensors the porous bioconjugated layer gave greater stability, longer electrode life span and a denser protein layer. Biosensors responded specifically to UO22+ ions and showed minor interference from Ni2+, Cs+, Cd2+ and Co2+. Chemical modification of JG-A12 protein phosphate and carboxyl groups prevented UO22+ binding, showing that both moieties are involved in the recognition to UO22+.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s100504739","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2010,5,10]],"date-time":"2010-05-10T11:16:36Z","timestamp":1273490196000},"page":"4739-4755","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["Biosensing for the Environment and Defence: Aqueous Uranyl Detection Using Bacterial Surface Layer Proteins"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"10","author":[{"given":"David J.R.","family":"Conroy","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Biosensors and Biocatalysis Group, Institute of Membranes and Systems Biology, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK"}]},{"given":"Paul A.","family":"Millner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Biosensors and Biocatalysis Group, Institute of Membranes and Systems Biology, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK"}]},{"given":"Douglas I.","family":"Stewart","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Civil Engineering, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK"}]},{"given":"Katrin","family":"Pollmann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Radiochemistry, Forschungszentrum Dresden, Rossendorf, Germany"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2010,5,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"Klaassen, C.D. 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