{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,8]],"date-time":"2026-02-08T14:35:09Z","timestamp":1770561309229,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":108,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2010,5,25]],"date-time":"2010-05-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1274745600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/3.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Over the past decade, electrical detection of chemical and biological species using novel nanostructure-based devices has attracted significant attention for chemical, genomics, biomedical diagnostics, and drug discovery applications. The use of nanostructured devices in chemical\/biological sensors in place of conventional sensing technologies has advantages of high sensitivity, low decreased energy consumption and potentially highly miniaturized integration. Owing to their particular structure, excellent electrical properties and high chemical stability, carbon nanotube and graphene based electrical devices have been widely developed for high performance label-free chemical\/biological sensors. Here, we review the latest developments of carbon nanostructure-based transistor sensors in ultrasensitive detection of chemical\/biological entities, such as poisonous gases, nucleic acids, proteins and cells.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s100505133","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2010,5,25]],"date-time":"2010-05-25T16:59:51Z","timestamp":1274806791000},"page":"5133-5159","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":137,"title":["Carbon Nanostructure-Based Field-Effect Transistors for Label-Free Chemical\/Biological Sensors"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"10","author":[{"given":"PingAn","family":"Hu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Lab of Microsystem and Microstructure, Harbin Institute of Technology, Ministry of Education, No. 2 YiKuang Street, Harbin 150080, Heilongjiang, China"},{"name":"Research Centre for Micro\/Nanotechnology, Harbin Institute of Technology, No. 2 YiKuang Street, Harbin 150080, Heilongjiang, China"}]},{"given":"Jia","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Lab of Microsystem and Microstructure, Harbin Institute of Technology, Ministry of Education, No. 2 YiKuang Street, Harbin 150080, Heilongjiang, China"},{"name":"Research Centre for Micro\/Nanotechnology, Harbin Institute of Technology, No. 2 YiKuang Street, Harbin 150080, Heilongjiang, China"}]},{"given":"Le","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Lab of Microsystem and Microstructure, Harbin Institute of Technology, Ministry of Education, No. 2 YiKuang Street, Harbin 150080, Heilongjiang, China"}]},{"given":"Zhenlong","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Lab of Microsystem and Microstructure, Harbin Institute of Technology, Ministry of Education, No. 2 YiKuang Street, Harbin 150080, Heilongjiang, China"},{"name":"Research Centre for Micro\/Nanotechnology, Harbin Institute of Technology, No. 2 YiKuang Street, Harbin 150080, Heilongjiang, China"}]},{"given":"William","family":"O\u2019Neill","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Industrial Photonics, Institute for Manufacturing, Department of Engineering, University of Cambridge, 17 Charles Babbage Road, Cambridge, CB3 0FS, UK"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5216-6825","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pedro","family":"Estrela","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electronic & Electrical Engineering, University of Bath, Bath, BA2 7AY, UK"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2010,5,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"196R","DOI":"10.1021\/ac00036a012","article-title":"Chemical sensors","volume":"64","author":"Janata","year":"1992","journal-title":"Anal. 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