{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,26]],"date-time":"2025-10-26T14:20:56Z","timestamp":1761488456097,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":14,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2010,6,2]],"date-time":"2010-06-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1275436800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/3.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>To acquire images of dynamic scenes from multiple points of view simultaneously, the acquisition time of vision sensors should be synchronized. This paper describes an illumination-based synchronization method derived from the phase-locked loop (PLL) algorithm. Incident light to a vision sensor from an intensity-modulated illumination source serves as the reference signal for synchronization. Analog and digital computation within the vision sensor forms a PLL to regulate the output signal, which corresponds to the vision frame timing, to be synchronized with the reference. Simulated and experimental results show that a 1,000 Hz frame rate vision sensor was successfully synchronized with 32 \u03bcs jitters.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s100605530","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2010,6,2]],"date-time":"2010-06-02T11:12:20Z","timestamp":1275477140000},"page":"5530-5547","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Illumination-Based Synchronization of High-Speed Vision Sensors"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"10","author":[{"given":"Lei","family":"Hou","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of System Information Sciences, Graduate School of Information Sciences, Tohoku University, 6-6-01 Aramaki Aza Aoba, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8579, Japan"}]},{"given":"Shingo","family":"Kagami","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of System Information Sciences, Graduate School of Information Sciences, Tohoku University, 6-6-01 Aramaki Aza Aoba, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8579, Japan"}]},{"given":"Koichi","family":"Hashimoto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of System Information Sciences, Graduate School of Information Sciences, Tohoku University, 6-6-01 Aramaki Aza Aoba, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8579, Japan"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2010,6,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"Fujiyoshi, H., Shimizu, S., and Nishi, T. (, January July). Fast 3D Position Measurement with Two Unsynchronized Cameras. Kobe, Janpan."},{"key":"ref_2","unstructured":"Point Grey Research Inc Dragonfly Camera Synchronization. Available online: http:\/\/www.ptgrey.com\/products\/multisync\/index.asp\/ (accessed on 16 February 2009)."},{"key":"ref_3","unstructured":"Rai, P.K., Tiwari, K., Guha, P., and Mukerjee, A. (, January September). A Cost-effective Multiple Camera Vision System Using FireWire Cameras and Software Synchronization. Hyderabad, India."},{"key":"ref_4","unstructured":"Litos, G., Zabulis, X., and Triantafyllidis, G. Synchronous Image Acquisition based on Network Synchronization."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.1109\/MNET.2004.1316761","article-title":"Time Synchronization in Sensor Networks: a Survey","volume":"18","author":"Sivrikaya","year":"2004","journal-title":"IEEE Netw"},{"key":"ref_6","unstructured":"Elson, J., Girod, L., and Estrin, D. 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Illumination-based Real-Time Contactless Synchronization of High-Speed Vision Sensors."},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2059","DOI":"10.1109\/TED.2003.816907","article-title":"Correlation Image Sensor: Two-Dimensional Matched Detection of Amplitude-Modulated Light","volume":"50","author":"Ando","year":"2003","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Electron Devices"},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"166","DOI":"10.1109\/TED.2002.806479","article-title":"An Image Sensor with an In-Pixel Demodulation Function for Detecting the Intensity of a Modulated Light Signal","volume":"50","author":"Ohta","year":"2003","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Electron Devices"},{"key":"ref_14","unstructured":"Kagami, S., Komuro, T., and Ishikawa, M. (, January March). A High-Speed Vision System with In-Pixel Programmable ADCs and PEs for Real-Time Visual Sensing. Kawasaki, Japan."}],"container-title":["Sensors"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1424-8220\/10\/6\/5530\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T22:02:36Z","timestamp":1760220156000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1424-8220\/10\/6\/5530"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2010,6,2]]},"references-count":14,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2010,6]]}},"alternative-id":["s100605530"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/s100605530","relation":{},"ISSN":["1424-8220"],"issn-type":[{"type":"electronic","value":"1424-8220"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2010,6,2]]}}}